{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O","short_pith_number":"pith:CFMIA7N2","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"1158807dba13f641170550c6924ffbf383c66a62a81a1fef38c25560f027ae76","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.16206","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Near-Field Beam Management for Extremely Large-Scale Array Communications","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"A. Lee Swindlehurst, Beixiong Zheng, Changsheng You, Chenyu Wu, Li Chen, Linglong Dai, Yong Zeng, Yunpu Zhang","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T13:38:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to achieve super-high spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems. The large aperture of XL-arrays means that spherical rather than planar wavefronts must be considered, and a paradigm shift from far-field to near-field communications is necessary. Unlike existing works that have mainly considered far-field beam management, we study the new near-field beam management for XL-arrays. We first provide an overview of near-field communications and introduce various applications of XL-arrays in "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.16206","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T13:38:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"93b46f648cff2e4b6aac58f534c6e16e341b8816d7a269bb2e899b9e6a399898","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba06ddcd2966d56e6f6ba8c9867a81d24afd0388f0c0556f704ec67f22d3dd9d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188984Z","signature_b64":"B7EEPYZRWked9uFFGqBGt6EEnuoK/uTEIJ5zBWh4iASG9uX9OBDU2vi/2qOXKPgfEkkmpJ2ypVZrXcx2uYcqBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1158807dba13f641170550c6924ffbf383c66a62a81a1fef38c25560f027ae76","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188637Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188637Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Near-Field Beam Management for Extremely Large-Scale Array Communications","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"A. Lee Swindlehurst, Beixiong Zheng, Changsheng You, Chenyu Wu, Li Chen, Linglong Dai, Yong Zeng, Yunpu Zhang","submitted_at":"2023-06-28T13:38:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to achieve super-high spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems. The large aperture of XL-arrays means that spherical rather than planar wavefronts must be considered, and a paradigm shift from far-field to near-field communications is necessary. Unlike existing works that have mainly considered far-field beam management, we study the new near-field beam management for XL-arrays. We first provide an overview of near-field communications and introduce various applications of XL-arrays in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.16206","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.16206/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.16206","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.16206v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.16206","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFMIA7N2CP3E","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYF","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFMIA7N2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O","json":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CFMIA7N2"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CFMIA7N2","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2306.16206&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/CFMIA7N2CP3ECFYFKDDJET736O/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:50.188694+00:00"}