{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2","short_pith_number":"pith:CFSYWSUX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.4509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-10-06T20:49:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cb2993a590063da0586b92ffaf5b3d516789a3b1ce2e7530d5f89a19247a6dbc","abstract_canon_sha256":"462f004c10baeb8777a03bfe7d7fb23e5b4aef94210044f068f2209d1eb0be29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"11658b4a979909ab06911d0c0b65d66eb834f716efe7644e6c292b19ff04ed6c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1210.4509","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.4509","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.4509v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.4509","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFSYWSUXTEE2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFSYWSUXTEE2WBUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFSYWSUX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.4509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-10-06T20:49:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cb2993a590063da0586b92ffaf5b3d516789a3b1ce2e7530d5f89a19247a6dbc","abstract_canon_sha256":"462f004c10baeb8777a03bfe7d7fb23e5b4aef94210044f068f2209d1eb0be29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"11658b4a979909ab06911d0c0b65d66eb834f716efe7644e6c292b19ff04ed6c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54.118365Z","signature_b64":"80GlpWL4CvYHGrKU+imfvLnQEnemmL9UyKW3bRYG+XE0LZcDBI7PfGGzxLM6CO1yptJecxRKBEgyJXRI/QQ3Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"11658b4a979909ab06911d0c0b65d66eb834f716efe7644e6c292b19ff04ed6c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54.117741Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54.117741Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1210.4509","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cyxlW2ipPliLMHLeY58YJTGvdRVAj4lS47n8Otj1Tr+/MldnxWq/HYsvTes0nvFwWOhAPkSspNmSWx2UjE+UCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T02:21:44.218575Z"},"content_sha256":"7374aeea2254610077103f8ebc68a3f7510d870658296fa1b26338a57b742778","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7374aeea2254610077103f8ebc68a3f7510d870658296fa1b26338a57b742778"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"3rd grade English language learners making sense of sound","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Enrique Suarez, Valerie Otero","submitted_at":"2012-10-06T20:49:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite the extensive body of research that supports scientific inquiry and argumentation as cornerstones of physics learning, these strategies continue to be virtually absent in most classrooms, especially those that involve students who are learning English as a second language. This study presents results from an investigation of 3rd grade students' discourse about how length and tension affect the sound produced by a string. These students came from a variety of language backgrounds, and all were learning English as a second language. Our results demonstrate varying levels, and uses, of ex"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.4509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"azH1EIIXgvCpRHVEUMTFlXAzKMB8egozS5AyYYaBEsZfKiY2lJ+aDWGpTjvZ75i1/g3q3qkLKbwNpb65O4yGCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T02:21:44.219274Z"},"content_sha256":"71023da5bcefc039caa78edd8d955d47fc697beb18f805fe40c72b9df8102141","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71023da5bcefc039caa78edd8d955d47fc697beb18f805fe40c72b9df8102141"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T02:21:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:CFSYWSUXTEE2WBURDUGAWZOWN2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"462f004c10baeb8777a03bfe7d7fb23e5b4aef94210044f068f2209d1eb0be29","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-10-06T20:49:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"cb2993a590063da0586b92ffaf5b3d516789a3b1ce2e7530d5f89a19247a6dbc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.4509","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.4509","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.4509v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.4509","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CFSYWSUXTEE2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CFSYWSUXTEE2WBUR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CFSYWSUX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:71023da5bcefc039caa78edd8d955d47fc697beb18f805fe40c72b9df8102141","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite the extensive body of research that supports scientific inquiry and argumentation as cornerstones of physics learning, these strategies continue to be virtually absent in most classrooms, especially those that involve students who are learning English as a second language. This study presents results from an investigation of 3rd grade students' discourse about how length and tension affect the sound produced by a string. These students came from a variety of language backgrounds, and all were learning English as a second language. Our results demonstrate varying levels, and uses, of ex","authors_text":"Enrique Suarez, Valerie Otero","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-10-06T20:49:31Z","title":"3rd grade English language learners making sense of sound"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.4509","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7374aeea2254610077103f8ebc68a3f7510d870658296fa1b26338a57b742778","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"462f004c10baeb8777a03bfe7d7fb23e5b4aef94210044f068f2209d1eb0be29","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-10-06T20:49:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"cb2993a590063da0586b92ffaf5b3d516789a3b1ce2e7530d5f89a19247a6dbc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.4509","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"11658b4a979909ab06911d0c0b65d66eb834f716efe7644e6c292b19ff04ed6c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"11658b4a979909ab06911d0c0b65d66eb834f716efe7644e6c292b19ff04ed6c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54.117741Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54.117741Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"80GlpWL4CvYHGrKU+imfvLnQEnemmL9UyKW3bRYG+XE0LZcDBI7PfGGzxLM6CO1yptJecxRKBEgyJXRI/QQ3Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:53:54.118365Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1210.4509","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7374aeea2254610077103f8ebc68a3f7510d870658296fa1b26338a57b742778","sha256:71023da5bcefc039caa78edd8d955d47fc697beb18f805fe40c72b9df8102141"],"state_sha256":"30206cc8c185a4f6424cbe7b525d1d3e49d32153f58b64009151f3ce04eb3fb0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9dqZJ87OR/NiDldzAPjAIDEhMugsSKFwrdxNi5mvsSBrK1Vkm2m/j0ILf0dV2Qbx0K4Qv1J8T//CG/+id8BKCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T02:21:44.223610Z","bundle_sha256":"07caa630435a4c2a81796cc04f38a88684ed5851b337e48a444c22e34020b991"}}