{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH","short_pith_number":"pith:CITDPKJP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.08411","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2020-11-17T04:07:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"30e05d1e60a9fd033470340651c4b70891ecbbf56a82d14a18a47278c4d34296","abstract_canon_sha256":"e8f453932d9562d1d75018c4265355d8d2b83a2b9977b8cad39345d13577c4f5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"122637a92f29fc231645e90fe1748451e373a70802bd4afbec5ec57aec18573c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.08411","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.08411","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.08411v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.08411","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CITDPKJPFH6C","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CITDPKJP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.08411","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2020-11-17T04:07:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"30e05d1e60a9fd033470340651c4b70891ecbbf56a82d14a18a47278c4d34296","abstract_canon_sha256":"e8f453932d9562d1d75018c4265355d8d2b83a2b9977b8cad39345d13577c4f5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"122637a92f29fc231645e90fe1748451e373a70802bd4afbec5ec57aec18573c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44.883945Z","signature_b64":"pDuWtsuTbjp89bCcFmJEUPp2C1DbxabWhBPNkYM4s04DR3Dua6IDW2iW8BxrmWTpja9Bbvo3E3yeuxw6P1GkDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"122637a92f29fc231645e90fe1748451e373a70802bd4afbec5ec57aec18573c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44.883438Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44.883438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.08411","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3P50d0LnctZatVh6GnXVDFudmsLrEszn4dS1vitLTwHL3WQpCRsSA5Gem2OD6GVk2c5vK9GM7khpGniPS2xxBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:31:12.789624Z"},"content_sha256":"7cc71b6730aa25976f40760da0f1b0eb0371c8f3a4a3835780eb2dac47834627","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7cc71b6730aa25976f40760da0f1b0eb0371c8f3a4a3835780eb2dac47834627"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Semiparametric proximal causal inference","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Hongming Pu, Wang Miao, Xu Shi, Yifan Cui","submitted_at":"2020-11-17T04:07:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Skepticism about the assumption of no unmeasured confounding, also known as exchangeability, is often warranted in making causal inferences from observational data; because exchangeability hinges on an investigator's ability to accurately measure covariates that capture all potential sources of confounding. In practice, the most one can hope for is that covariate measurements are at best proxies of the true underlying confounding mechanism operating in a given observational study. In this paper, we consider the framework of proximal causal inference introduced by Miao et al. (2018); Tchetgen T"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.08411","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.08411/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T7n2iVqgIKWkGlarwaTmFUlhbQM3wEsCfKjLTCLYAY5sk5+It9WKpcOSaCZlTbR6w4abodFXPWGuxnUryOb1Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:31:12.790001Z"},"content_sha256":"6651a3189fec8ad675ad817df25382e434781f38e6930ae4c5e9c85d850d5f23","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6651a3189fec8ad675ad817df25382e434781f38e6930ae4c5e9c85d850d5f23"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T13:31:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF5EH6C5EEKH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e8f453932d9562d1d75018c4265355d8d2b83a2b9977b8cad39345d13577c4f5","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2020-11-17T04:07:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"30e05d1e60a9fd033470340651c4b70891ecbbf56a82d14a18a47278c4d34296"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.08411","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.08411","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.08411v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.08411","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CITDPKJPFH6C","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CITDPKJPFH6CGFSF","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CITDPKJP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6651a3189fec8ad675ad817df25382e434781f38e6930ae4c5e9c85d850d5f23","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.08411/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Skepticism about the assumption of no unmeasured confounding, also known as exchangeability, is often warranted in making causal inferences from observational data; because exchangeability hinges on an investigator's ability to accurately measure covariates that capture all potential sources of confounding. In practice, the most one can hope for is that covariate measurements are at best proxies of the true underlying confounding mechanism operating in a given observational study. In this paper, we consider the framework of proximal causal inference introduced by Miao et al. (2018); Tchetgen T","authors_text":"Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen, Hongming Pu, Wang Miao, Xu Shi, Yifan Cui","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2020-11-17T04:07:27Z","title":"Semiparametric proximal causal inference"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.08411","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7cc71b6730aa25976f40760da0f1b0eb0371c8f3a4a3835780eb2dac47834627","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e8f453932d9562d1d75018c4265355d8d2b83a2b9977b8cad39345d13577c4f5","cross_cats_sorted":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2020-11-17T04:07:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"30e05d1e60a9fd033470340651c4b70891ecbbf56a82d14a18a47278c4d34296"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.08411","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"122637a92f29fc231645e90fe1748451e373a70802bd4afbec5ec57aec18573c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"122637a92f29fc231645e90fe1748451e373a70802bd4afbec5ec57aec18573c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44.883438Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44.883438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"pDuWtsuTbjp89bCcFmJEUPp2C1DbxabWhBPNkYM4s04DR3Dua6IDW2iW8BxrmWTpja9Bbvo3E3yeuxw6P1GkDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:43:44.883945Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.08411","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7cc71b6730aa25976f40760da0f1b0eb0371c8f3a4a3835780eb2dac47834627","sha256:6651a3189fec8ad675ad817df25382e434781f38e6930ae4c5e9c85d850d5f23"],"state_sha256":"19d1a000011e5e667a713b98566dc062e14bd4a3f2704091c8b41ff1a231444b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AZjun7mU47wD4fWKlG1A2542ndN9Z+wZ7vPipb5zfVo6HfIaBxydoXjLYUEpzDBDbhvG7GwdEvDS5+WcxYaECw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:31:12.791958Z","bundle_sha256":"4f87f233ab6bbc2123ba0a976f2e570b0cc8c18ffe465559a567e710d58c6a0b"}}