{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID","short_pith_number":"pith:CITYG7WZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.01602","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T04:34:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"ff3869cee13f08bb8c31db0b49dad66a5433b396c2c4d0bcbde2e4945e64066a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e9c492992d06917798422d1d18f1dd6fbe11404b2cddfa143f2e1c4df5b2401"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1227837ed971f0dbe6beb6b5cc675040fe0f29b1b2a0f019d7e84a537e82ab99","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.01602","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.01602","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.01602v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.01602","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CITYG7WZOHYN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CITYG7WZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.01602","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T04:34:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"ff3869cee13f08bb8c31db0b49dad66a5433b396c2c4d0bcbde2e4945e64066a","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e9c492992d06917798422d1d18f1dd6fbe11404b2cddfa143f2e1c4df5b2401"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1227837ed971f0dbe6beb6b5cc675040fe0f29b1b2a0f019d7e84a537e82ab99","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30.147027Z","signature_b64":"nLPaCz1Gh9a395122Fh1KhFtJjNavkQ4wZDkjuRVgmBZRBTrQMqIcQTxI7eHMSkJHsrScG//IYqhvCZQbTjKDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1227837ed971f0dbe6beb6b5cc675040fe0f29b1b2a0f019d7e84a537e82ab99","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30.146538Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30.146538Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.01602","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9MIMJmwv36b4vUpqcT4t9deSP/c4CVf7pFHuHVgLHtKN6/AmuwtCT9Od9RlHJ8Uk6jk2Q4fLerxTQT9zJyt4Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:04.180717Z"},"content_sha256":"b4ba2677d59cb3f56b9591a8c914a589492f265407464a403179d7d80043d6ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b4ba2677d59cb3f56b9591a8c914a589492f265407464a403179d7d80043d6ce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Silicon Oxide Electron-Emitting Nanodiodes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Dapeng Wei, Gengmin Zhang, Gongtao Wu, Lian-Mao Peng, Qing Chen, Xianlong Wei, Zhiqiang Tang, Zhiwei Li","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T04:34:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Electrically driven on-chip electron sources that do not need to be heated have been long pursued because the current thermionic electron sources show the problems of high power consumption, slow temporal response, bulky size, etc., but their realization remains challenging. Here we show that a nanogap formed by two electrodes on a silicon oxide substrate functions as an electron-emitting nanodiode after the silicon oxide in the nanogap is electrically switched to a high-resistance conducting state. A nanodiode based on graphene electrodes can be turned on by a voltage of ~7 V in ~100 ns and s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.01602","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k78ALeWQrwDCwj+uOsFcaGPxo5DhilU+7r9/RBkTjH05ndnyjlrNISkZIN16SAhf7R4MdP97mHZtlF3DfdOVAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:04.181763Z"},"content_sha256":"2af4c493550b315c225afcd0b7aceb42ad1f9eb94078825278300f49d51583e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2af4c493550b315c225afcd0b7aceb42ad1f9eb94078825278300f49d51583e8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6W224YZ2QID","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e9c492992d06917798422d1d18f1dd6fbe11404b2cddfa143f2e1c4df5b2401","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T04:34:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff3869cee13f08bb8c31db0b49dad66a5433b396c2c4d0bcbde2e4945e64066a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.01602","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.01602","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.01602v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.01602","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CITYG7WZOHYN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CITYG7WZOHYNXZV6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CITYG7WZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2af4c493550b315c225afcd0b7aceb42ad1f9eb94078825278300f49d51583e8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Electrically driven on-chip electron sources that do not need to be heated have been long pursued because the current thermionic electron sources show the problems of high power consumption, slow temporal response, bulky size, etc., but their realization remains challenging. Here we show that a nanogap formed by two electrodes on a silicon oxide substrate functions as an electron-emitting nanodiode after the silicon oxide in the nanogap is electrically switched to a high-resistance conducting state. A nanodiode based on graphene electrodes can be turned on by a voltage of ~7 V in ~100 ns and s","authors_text":"Dapeng Wei, Gengmin Zhang, Gongtao Wu, Lian-Mao Peng, Qing Chen, Xianlong Wei, Zhiqiang Tang, Zhiwei Li","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T04:34:09Z","title":"Silicon Oxide Electron-Emitting Nanodiodes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.01602","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b4ba2677d59cb3f56b9591a8c914a589492f265407464a403179d7d80043d6ce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e9c492992d06917798422d1d18f1dd6fbe11404b2cddfa143f2e1c4df5b2401","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T04:34:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff3869cee13f08bb8c31db0b49dad66a5433b396c2c4d0bcbde2e4945e64066a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.01602","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1227837ed971f0dbe6beb6b5cc675040fe0f29b1b2a0f019d7e84a537e82ab99","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1227837ed971f0dbe6beb6b5cc675040fe0f29b1b2a0f019d7e84a537e82ab99","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30.146538Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30.146538Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nLPaCz1Gh9a395122Fh1KhFtJjNavkQ4wZDkjuRVgmBZRBTrQMqIcQTxI7eHMSkJHsrScG//IYqhvCZQbTjKDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:11:30.147027Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.01602","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b4ba2677d59cb3f56b9591a8c914a589492f265407464a403179d7d80043d6ce","sha256:2af4c493550b315c225afcd0b7aceb42ad1f9eb94078825278300f49d51583e8"],"state_sha256":"4a86de0a011659c9cca70c6fb5bf84d9f2076cd8091e395900b50f6cdf8e73d2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FB9HWRyND+QabXDFsaq8CetwjrRI+PuTtzTooCxltv2h21ECjYRuuqQbTKTrXa4g1lbkmUxxP901vsb5p3biBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T20:44:04.185803Z","bundle_sha256":"ec1775103c526907e3c206087cb5e685edcf4bbbf37bc630daa2ecbcc6e4c6f2"}}