{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP","short_pith_number":"pith:CJ7XL2PE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.08036","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-21T01:55:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"03773318549b57453461007631f82532bf3961e2cd903c4ff36895b19c27a813","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d33837d0b1fee8b05cda569e7791fe5757cd4aa1059e8fb398af8cd6a03273c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"127f75e9e4558048866b9fe214a7aacbcde48b2cfe373b38d387e20ae25e5a6b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.08036","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.08036","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.08036v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.08036","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CJ7XL2PEKWAE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CJ7XL2PE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.08036","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-21T01:55:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"03773318549b57453461007631f82532bf3961e2cd903c4ff36895b19c27a813","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d33837d0b1fee8b05cda569e7791fe5757cd4aa1059e8fb398af8cd6a03273c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"127f75e9e4558048866b9fe214a7aacbcde48b2cfe373b38d387e20ae25e5a6b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50.300809Z","signature_b64":"56QtnthHrIJw74PwAjSvV/nBIwJT1D/30mwamJrNL0r0Ngw7z8uTCHBo2ZdP2S/ElmP8D1QeLVhTCrdkAoOSAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"127f75e9e4558048866b9fe214a7aacbcde48b2cfe373b38d387e20ae25e5a6b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50.300363Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50.300363Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.08036","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0xr1P5LH+Hsml1Hfz/rsNq3Yg9f+mT3OOM2oJEyizyvDGcmfNEIX8FTQfRdTdMTa1gesA8hBUzWJFCQJaYUTDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T22:59:16.864562Z"},"content_sha256":"d52af830eaf133485a2500e60557be91588f9db582a48a60efcf751e6946b2f8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d52af830eaf133485a2500e60557be91588f9db582a48a60efcf751e6946b2f8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Foreign Exchange Trading","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.ST"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chun-Chieh Wang, Yun-Cheng Tsai","submitted_at":"2019-08-21T01:55:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Reinforcement learning can interact with the environment and is suitable for applications in decision control systems. Therefore, we used the reinforcement learning method to establish a foreign exchange transaction, avoiding the long-standing problem of unstable trends in deep learning predictions. In the system design, we optimized the Sure-Fire statistical arbitrage policy, set three different actions, encoded the continuous price over a period of time into a heat-map view of the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) and compared the Deep Q Learning (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algori"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.08036","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.08036/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gjcP6ePn3WEKOz6/uENcDUvm4rGsppTHrO4/SOvDLJycABA51KM5SPD/LM0KgJiyHh9sEJbNsXstiHd8ZmEoAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T22:59:16.865132Z"},"content_sha256":"440cc5e169f0f46022da3563661cef8a851761ba73168d942e2386902032fb30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:440cc5e169f0f46022da3563661cef8a851761ba73168d942e2386902032fb30"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T22:59:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTLT7RBJJ5KZP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d33837d0b1fee8b05cda569e7791fe5757cd4aa1059e8fb398af8cd6a03273c","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-21T01:55:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"03773318549b57453461007631f82532bf3961e2cd903c4ff36895b19c27a813"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.08036","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.08036","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.08036v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.08036","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CJ7XL2PEKWAE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CJ7XL2PEKWAERBTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CJ7XL2PE","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:440cc5e169f0f46022da3563661cef8a851761ba73168d942e2386902032fb30","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.08036/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Reinforcement learning can interact with the environment and is suitable for applications in decision control systems. Therefore, we used the reinforcement learning method to establish a foreign exchange transaction, avoiding the long-standing problem of unstable trends in deep learning predictions. In the system design, we optimized the Sure-Fire statistical arbitrage policy, set three different actions, encoded the continuous price over a period of time into a heat-map view of the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) and compared the Deep Q Learning (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algori","authors_text":"Chun-Chieh Wang, Yun-Cheng Tsai","cross_cats":["q-fin.ST"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-21T01:55:36Z","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Foreign Exchange Trading"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.08036","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d52af830eaf133485a2500e60557be91588f9db582a48a60efcf751e6946b2f8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d33837d0b1fee8b05cda569e7791fe5757cd4aa1059e8fb398af8cd6a03273c","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.ST"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-08-21T01:55:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"03773318549b57453461007631f82532bf3961e2cd903c4ff36895b19c27a813"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.08036","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"127f75e9e4558048866b9fe214a7aacbcde48b2cfe373b38d387e20ae25e5a6b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"127f75e9e4558048866b9fe214a7aacbcde48b2cfe373b38d387e20ae25e5a6b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50.300363Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50.300363Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"56QtnthHrIJw74PwAjSvV/nBIwJT1D/30mwamJrNL0r0Ngw7z8uTCHBo2ZdP2S/ElmP8D1QeLVhTCrdkAoOSAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:07:50.300809Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.08036","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d52af830eaf133485a2500e60557be91588f9db582a48a60efcf751e6946b2f8","sha256:440cc5e169f0f46022da3563661cef8a851761ba73168d942e2386902032fb30"],"state_sha256":"a6ced6f1f7e5f4f5d984842a8ee591d4d25288e73bc3c2761e7de0c94309e33f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"phiIiDb7Z+hehEwGbo5HN4YziS29EFSfCJYH8xwhzwF7TNSPddSS/Do0aSvNL0Lgr05CS7qVhIVFcm5bgJaiBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T22:59:16.868982Z","bundle_sha256":"fa4e6cb3da4aa2da0b9c1cffbde2a4e193a29c5684c4bf02377290177c9f6001"}}