{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP","short_pith_number":"pith:CKKHMQFR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.12223","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-01-28T19:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"67ac5d6b9beae953868fc19b11c2d6ffd728a8164b11f6b0e0169258514ca0ba","abstract_canon_sha256":"caeaafc65c99da65a95024f368f33b4d78c98fc5284dae49fc1eabb0bd69af0a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"12947640b130b5987b0e3bf2537478b3dd03d2d175070335c66ab8b7ddc1a81a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2101.12223","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.12223","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.12223v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.12223","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CKKHMQFRGC2Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CKKHMQFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.12223","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-01-28T19:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"67ac5d6b9beae953868fc19b11c2d6ffd728a8164b11f6b0e0169258514ca0ba","abstract_canon_sha256":"caeaafc65c99da65a95024f368f33b4d78c98fc5284dae49fc1eabb0bd69af0a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"12947640b130b5987b0e3bf2537478b3dd03d2d175070335c66ab8b7ddc1a81a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25.703170Z","signature_b64":"93rH7r86gZ4d7jYSQCvWfdtnoeo53D7yDTXBZmzP5SuGj8huhz/fUSbYtXS7jzpysVaf0s5rJqLckS9qEHzSAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"12947640b130b5987b0e3bf2537478b3dd03d2d175070335c66ab8b7ddc1a81a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25.702773Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25.702773Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2101.12223","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wgt4cHd/+trmK6IKN+PvfelvnFAGWvdRVMHDgmZt9K8G3PTLe84tYfPSn3q80PjbausK3hVcgtn+F9oyUcpfAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:47:18.119876Z"},"content_sha256":"faf11f804ad846df98fd6a3348a3db8641ad19e8b95a9b952d3ef65c87ea2bfb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:faf11f804ad846df98fd6a3348a3db8641ad19e8b95a9b952d3ef65c87ea2bfb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fast estimation of outcome probabilities for quantum circuits","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Hakop Pashayan, Kamil Korzekwa, Oliver Reardon-Smith, Stephen D. Bartlett","submitted_at":"2021-01-28T19:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each other by performing best in different parameter regimes. The $\\tt{Estimate}$ algorithm produces an additive precision estimate of the Born rule probability of a chosen measurement outcome with the only source of run-time inefficiency being a linear dependence on the stabilizer extent (which scales like $\\approx 1.17^t$ for $T$ gates). Our algorithm is state"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.12223","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2101.12223/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xFtlHWBHsn0zhT2oQbUGr5lMCxAWnnDQtzl3axUb47ZDp2u/ukO/QXI6VIheH0vfLn+V61QGJZhQYwUCYMvpDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:47:18.120798Z"},"content_sha256":"b52a35734f41caf042b0dc30fd004cffc13af6b1b42a709c8f1124c5c1ff033b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b52a35734f41caf042b0dc30fd004cffc13af6b1b42a709c8f1124c5c1ff033b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T01:47:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YOHPZFG5DYWP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"caeaafc65c99da65a95024f368f33b4d78c98fc5284dae49fc1eabb0bd69af0a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-01-28T19:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"67ac5d6b9beae953868fc19b11c2d6ffd728a8164b11f6b0e0169258514ca0ba"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.12223","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.12223","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.12223v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.12223","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CKKHMQFRGC2Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CKKHMQFRGC2ZQ6YO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CKKHMQFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b52a35734f41caf042b0dc30fd004cffc13af6b1b42a709c8f1124c5c1ff033b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2101.12223/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each other by performing best in different parameter regimes. The $\\tt{Estimate}$ algorithm produces an additive precision estimate of the Born rule probability of a chosen measurement outcome with the only source of run-time inefficiency being a linear dependence on the stabilizer extent (which scales like $\\approx 1.17^t$ for $T$ gates). Our algorithm is state","authors_text":"Hakop Pashayan, Kamil Korzekwa, Oliver Reardon-Smith, Stephen D. Bartlett","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-01-28T19:00:04Z","title":"Fast estimation of outcome probabilities for quantum circuits"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.12223","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:faf11f804ad846df98fd6a3348a3db8641ad19e8b95a9b952d3ef65c87ea2bfb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"caeaafc65c99da65a95024f368f33b4d78c98fc5284dae49fc1eabb0bd69af0a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-01-28T19:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"67ac5d6b9beae953868fc19b11c2d6ffd728a8164b11f6b0e0169258514ca0ba"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.12223","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"12947640b130b5987b0e3bf2537478b3dd03d2d175070335c66ab8b7ddc1a81a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"12947640b130b5987b0e3bf2537478b3dd03d2d175070335c66ab8b7ddc1a81a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25.702773Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25.702773Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"93rH7r86gZ4d7jYSQCvWfdtnoeo53D7yDTXBZmzP5SuGj8huhz/fUSbYtXS7jzpysVaf0s5rJqLckS9qEHzSAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:34:25.703170Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2101.12223","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:faf11f804ad846df98fd6a3348a3db8641ad19e8b95a9b952d3ef65c87ea2bfb","sha256:b52a35734f41caf042b0dc30fd004cffc13af6b1b42a709c8f1124c5c1ff033b"],"state_sha256":"cba59c32f9b15374d22ad765d596bead38bdafd0b80f22b99f1df806976bde2b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aKfyyFiBuFOivRQIx+GDHsR6PG2g9A6utC5xisA1foMEMmnwGcns9zTkT9/pxqDekL76gvmz3cryV1mL3BUGDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T01:47:18.125919Z","bundle_sha256":"df0c96bb7b0147e0a55e9e049dce726a734b0b774083cd835e78813cb79e1a2c"}}