{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R","short_pith_number":"pith:CLYS5XJO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.18072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:03:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"97ed1df6a1fee3857169e414eb1f47f843bdcd70833b0102bae43e2acc50f610","abstract_canon_sha256":"06b3ccfa78d85360048c13394b43c992c905bad1000cec3c8cf1ae33c115518b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"12f12edd2e1f86fc78beb2be6dd4f1f46616d554ae18256f5288421d2d1eae11","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.18072","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.18072","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.18072v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.18072","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CLYS5XJOD6DP","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CLYS5XJO","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.18072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:03:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"97ed1df6a1fee3857169e414eb1f47f843bdcd70833b0102bae43e2acc50f610","abstract_canon_sha256":"06b3ccfa78d85360048c13394b43c992c905bad1000cec3c8cf1ae33c115518b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"12f12edd2e1f86fc78beb2be6dd4f1f46616d554ae18256f5288421d2d1eae11","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41.575710Z","signature_b64":"x+DOv+M1WoloxjxvFja5OKswwdI4VMH9IWGvo3xHYNp3LjNgWncHJIpwTDqIJ2pdVkUwxXuADl+rMYCZr7JoDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"12f12edd2e1f86fc78beb2be6dd4f1f46616d554ae18256f5288421d2d1eae11","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41.575130Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41.575130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.18072","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2BrMJzetEd/wXnq77J8AlLn3H8EOkHQETbTmL5vOgB2VZg3/dSJZII1SN2sCBkkK8hnkiJ2DG4EPqWNX2CauAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T21:42:44.025976Z"},"content_sha256":"c2c38d8257516558b9f41d202cc6773b558f839bf13fd9dffc2c01802f4318de","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c2c38d8257516558b9f41d202cc6773b558f839bf13fd9dffc2c01802f4318de"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Challenges in addressing student difficulties with quantum measurement of two-state quantum systems using a multiple-choice question sequence in online and in-person classes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Chandralekha Singh, Peter Hu, Yangqiuting Li","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:03:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Research-validated multiple-choice questions comprise an easy-to-implement instructional tool that serves to scaffold student learning and formatively assess students' knowledge. We present findings from the implementation, in consecutive years, of a research-validated multiple-choice question sequence [referred to in this study as a Clicker Question Sequence (CQS)] on quantum measurement as it applies to two-state quantum systems. This study was conducted in an advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics course, in both online and in-person learning environments across three years. Student learn"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.18072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.18072/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yy1TCiLSH5n/AIJiHZKJbt/I9Qqh8GbX1gFbNwM93qifvumQzg4E6zkCRxOj492F+jFz9uwqkkt2tyh2x1NTDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T21:42:44.026625Z"},"content_sha256":"ac02a896c962b07bbe47af87dc00be6bb5ef79fe7c4f8c113e60794370638905","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac02a896c962b07bbe47af87dc00be6bb5ef79fe7c4f8c113e60794370638905"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T21:42:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6WK7G3VHR6R","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"06b3ccfa78d85360048c13394b43c992c905bad1000cec3c8cf1ae33c115518b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:03:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"97ed1df6a1fee3857169e414eb1f47f843bdcd70833b0102bae43e2acc50f610"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.18072","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.18072","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.18072v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.18072","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CLYS5XJOD6DP","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CLYS5XJOD6DPY6F6","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CLYS5XJO","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ac02a896c962b07bbe47af87dc00be6bb5ef79fe7c4f8c113e60794370638905","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.18072/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Research-validated multiple-choice questions comprise an easy-to-implement instructional tool that serves to scaffold student learning and formatively assess students' knowledge. We present findings from the implementation, in consecutive years, of a research-validated multiple-choice question sequence [referred to in this study as a Clicker Question Sequence (CQS)] on quantum measurement as it applies to two-state quantum systems. This study was conducted in an advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics course, in both online and in-person learning environments across three years. Student learn","authors_text":"Chandralekha Singh, Peter Hu, Yangqiuting Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:03:00Z","title":"Challenges in addressing student difficulties with quantum measurement of two-state quantum systems using a multiple-choice question sequence in online and in-person classes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.18072","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c2c38d8257516558b9f41d202cc6773b558f839bf13fd9dffc2c01802f4318de","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"06b3ccfa78d85360048c13394b43c992c905bad1000cec3c8cf1ae33c115518b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2024-02-28T06:03:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"97ed1df6a1fee3857169e414eb1f47f843bdcd70833b0102bae43e2acc50f610"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.18072","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"12f12edd2e1f86fc78beb2be6dd4f1f46616d554ae18256f5288421d2d1eae11","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"12f12edd2e1f86fc78beb2be6dd4f1f46616d554ae18256f5288421d2d1eae11","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41.575130Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41.575130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"x+DOv+M1WoloxjxvFja5OKswwdI4VMH9IWGvo3xHYNp3LjNgWncHJIpwTDqIJ2pdVkUwxXuADl+rMYCZr7JoDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:24:41.575710Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.18072","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c2c38d8257516558b9f41d202cc6773b558f839bf13fd9dffc2c01802f4318de","sha256:ac02a896c962b07bbe47af87dc00be6bb5ef79fe7c4f8c113e60794370638905"],"state_sha256":"cf443cd16f61b35346a663a2e1ec83762894730ff5e6d6b0bed9169b917ec6f0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tV5q5KlcdVr5nCmwB8R+xtqh2yaptBT0H4/Et7uyZqWgyOwNurhsH8zvE1Spvioqo/u3Qj4dRoW2+XgIcKlFAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T21:42:44.030842Z","bundle_sha256":"12bfe90fe37d8dc39d047a90455b58b9bc4c7232c3880424714cbf3e136d6211"}}