{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG","short_pith_number":"pith:CNIUBLGA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.05884","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-08-21T01:00:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"797b9509bdce9474c40b7cb84f5438389d70801994fe4254bba136bca7495f87","abstract_canon_sha256":"59a3d0c2f5fa948abf61521f49b651a9629131ff1eaf7ebc598d49cc0527f6e5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"135140acc08fc2ca087597f60d6b8491b216958eeeb65137147919e984ef2759","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.05884","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.05884","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.05884v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.05884","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CNIUBLGAR7BM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CNIUBLGA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.05884","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-08-21T01:00:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"797b9509bdce9474c40b7cb84f5438389d70801994fe4254bba136bca7495f87","abstract_canon_sha256":"59a3d0c2f5fa948abf61521f49b651a9629131ff1eaf7ebc598d49cc0527f6e5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"135140acc08fc2ca087597f60d6b8491b216958eeeb65137147919e984ef2759","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26.412834Z","signature_b64":"9Ge8r7cm/FH9SRtTykoMlBEUXZh1TOK0rA12KF7aMGNoFON2keu/pG14atmgP0LwrGqVk40hb8Jg99qV9FjSCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"135140acc08fc2ca087597f60d6b8491b216958eeeb65137147919e984ef2759","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26.412144Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26.412144Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.05884","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Re02w9afcatBvLTES8wg5oqNig5t+x1GxwfNH8vBMRlVCEBzoUwrNyzRMAqEsjxeRs+jMaSYCd5CuFw06jMNCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T19:09:10.532230Z"},"content_sha256":"c58800a678bb25eed53129645c2a61b861834e8d7509a5cc379dfcb7d9d59c4d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c58800a678bb25eed53129645c2a61b861834e8d7509a5cc379dfcb7d9d59c4d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Universal threshold for femtosecond laser ablation with oblique illumination","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Massimo Petrarca, Pavel Polynkin, Weibo Cheng, Xiao-Long Liu","submitted_at":"2016-08-21T01:00:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We quantify the dependence of the single-shot ablation threshold on the angle of incidence and polarization of a femtosecond laser beam, for three dissimilar solid-state materials: a metal, a dielectric and a semiconductor. Using the constant, linear value of the index of refraction, we calculate the laser fluence transmitted through the air-material interface at the point of ablation threshold. We show that, in spite of the highly nonlinear ionization dynamics involved in the ablation process, the so defined transmitted threshold fluence is universally independent of the angle of incidence an"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.05884","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jbdRJzK9v0iVdSJR9TpDxGy70wWI1lF5URBzHNWAGq0xhcZDSWAfrGPaBeBcIfxR0rpWS3L7TJEnea/wR0CmAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T19:09:10.532584Z"},"content_sha256":"5a88bbfa7094cdbcc743b692ec2a0077a1c127578f845f5359212944840e0a7f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a88bbfa7094cdbcc743b692ec2a0077a1c127578f845f5359212944840e0a7f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T19:09:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDVS73A224ESG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"59a3d0c2f5fa948abf61521f49b651a9629131ff1eaf7ebc598d49cc0527f6e5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-08-21T01:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"797b9509bdce9474c40b7cb84f5438389d70801994fe4254bba136bca7495f87"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.05884","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.05884","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.05884v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.05884","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CNIUBLGAR7BM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CNIUBLGAR7BMUCDV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CNIUBLGA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5a88bbfa7094cdbcc743b692ec2a0077a1c127578f845f5359212944840e0a7f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We quantify the dependence of the single-shot ablation threshold on the angle of incidence and polarization of a femtosecond laser beam, for three dissimilar solid-state materials: a metal, a dielectric and a semiconductor. Using the constant, linear value of the index of refraction, we calculate the laser fluence transmitted through the air-material interface at the point of ablation threshold. We show that, in spite of the highly nonlinear ionization dynamics involved in the ablation process, the so defined transmitted threshold fluence is universally independent of the angle of incidence an","authors_text":"Massimo Petrarca, Pavel Polynkin, Weibo Cheng, Xiao-Long Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-08-21T01:00:05Z","title":"Universal threshold for femtosecond laser ablation with oblique illumination"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.05884","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c58800a678bb25eed53129645c2a61b861834e8d7509a5cc379dfcb7d9d59c4d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"59a3d0c2f5fa948abf61521f49b651a9629131ff1eaf7ebc598d49cc0527f6e5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2016-08-21T01:00:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"797b9509bdce9474c40b7cb84f5438389d70801994fe4254bba136bca7495f87"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.05884","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"135140acc08fc2ca087597f60d6b8491b216958eeeb65137147919e984ef2759","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"135140acc08fc2ca087597f60d6b8491b216958eeeb65137147919e984ef2759","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26.412144Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26.412144Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9Ge8r7cm/FH9SRtTykoMlBEUXZh1TOK0rA12KF7aMGNoFON2keu/pG14atmgP0LwrGqVk40hb8Jg99qV9FjSCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:26.412834Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.05884","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c58800a678bb25eed53129645c2a61b861834e8d7509a5cc379dfcb7d9d59c4d","sha256:5a88bbfa7094cdbcc743b692ec2a0077a1c127578f845f5359212944840e0a7f"],"state_sha256":"7bb7aedb2efd35a7fe9b0a070577ef4a23adf4d447ae0a5a79de98bd77f3ccad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"d//i/RiXsD+/PGDe8I5IVlCLcV/QXt2iJ25UaxGZn2kG4v+vOB6Misx5a/KWWeSNePp7ysyJ3+rlnNkuP4a1Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T19:09:10.534918Z","bundle_sha256":"8009c3c9aa94dddac0971c2e000e7f3448553551da18174b6778c4bae33b404c"}}