{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ","short_pith_number":"pith:CQ2A6OMW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.07209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2022-02-15T06:01:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3b9a938d9467dfe0f8e1aa5a7c107a6ebc8797c769358acaf982a08d069ba998","abstract_canon_sha256":"3171313fe50083b2f318a7e103f557c41a644340b5d271295fe9f1571107b2cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14340f399621beda455d453eae28f5041e5da551dc21032947bef84b80ad5d0d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.07209","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.07209","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.07209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.07209","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CQ2A6OMWEG7N","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CQ2A6OMW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.07209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2022-02-15T06:01:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3b9a938d9467dfe0f8e1aa5a7c107a6ebc8797c769358acaf982a08d069ba998","abstract_canon_sha256":"3171313fe50083b2f318a7e103f557c41a644340b5d271295fe9f1571107b2cb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14340f399621beda455d453eae28f5041e5da551dc21032947bef84b80ad5d0d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57.764583Z","signature_b64":"w+GvqBUc6rl4XkGoTjO2b+FGpz6hDao20EP9fGzplfFUaTx0CvuvEZzGpae4DUYbPgDxaI0zX8Rbzp8Xaw3AAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14340f399621beda455d453eae28f5041e5da551dc21032947bef84b80ad5d0d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57.764111Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57.764111Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.07209","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mnl+xqVQ5B6xI4kfAqZKdtIxbSddDm6rwV7u+PBmE4H9fafbFhQUVKvsTuWUVPfkIhopB9UxtBHqbnVIW1K0Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:32.052616Z"},"content_sha256":"137d078eb2df6660d09da59bba924558b8d8bf0bd59f745deaee731aaba4caf5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:137d078eb2df6660d09da59bba924558b8d8bf0bd59f745deaee731aaba4caf5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Case law retrieval: problems, methods, challenges and evaluations in the last 20 years","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Daniel Locke, Guido Zuccon","submitted_at":"2022-02-15T06:01:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Case law retrieval is the retrieval of judicial decisions relevant to a legal question. Case law retrieval comprises a significant amount of a lawyer's time, and is important to ensure accurate advice and reduce workload. We survey methods for case law retrieval from the past 20 years and outline the problems and challenges facing evaluation of case law retrieval systems going forward. Limited published work has focused on improving ranking in ad-hoc case law retrieval. But there has been significant work in other areas of case law retrieval, and legal information retrieval generally. This is "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.07209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.07209/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IlpCWYTaWnDTiY0b1e14GnKLE8/GXlzDAjpHNL2t4JB3u/arPDPZiuacg4M8NKEKd98j2vGn2rSY+a8xlwUGCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:32.052999Z"},"content_sha256":"2553e71836bc853a70739c771db8f2a585b58aa0d33160d4d9e94e789f00e1b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2553e71836bc853a70739c771db8f2a585b58aa0d33160d4d9e94e789f00e1b4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5IU7K4KHVAQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3171313fe50083b2f318a7e103f557c41a644340b5d271295fe9f1571107b2cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2022-02-15T06:01:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b9a938d9467dfe0f8e1aa5a7c107a6ebc8797c769358acaf982a08d069ba998"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.07209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.07209","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.07209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.07209","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CQ2A6OMWEG7N","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CQ2A6OMWEG7NURK5","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CQ2A6OMW","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2553e71836bc853a70739c771db8f2a585b58aa0d33160d4d9e94e789f00e1b4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.07209/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Case law retrieval is the retrieval of judicial decisions relevant to a legal question. Case law retrieval comprises a significant amount of a lawyer's time, and is important to ensure accurate advice and reduce workload. We survey methods for case law retrieval from the past 20 years and outline the problems and challenges facing evaluation of case law retrieval systems going forward. Limited published work has focused on improving ranking in ad-hoc case law retrieval. But there has been significant work in other areas of case law retrieval, and legal information retrieval generally. This is ","authors_text":"Daniel Locke, Guido Zuccon","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2022-02-15T06:01:36Z","title":"Case law retrieval: problems, methods, challenges and evaluations in the last 20 years"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.07209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:137d078eb2df6660d09da59bba924558b8d8bf0bd59f745deaee731aaba4caf5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3171313fe50083b2f318a7e103f557c41a644340b5d271295fe9f1571107b2cb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2022-02-15T06:01:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b9a938d9467dfe0f8e1aa5a7c107a6ebc8797c769358acaf982a08d069ba998"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.07209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"14340f399621beda455d453eae28f5041e5da551dc21032947bef84b80ad5d0d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"14340f399621beda455d453eae28f5041e5da551dc21032947bef84b80ad5d0d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57.764111Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57.764111Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"w+GvqBUc6rl4XkGoTjO2b+FGpz6hDao20EP9fGzplfFUaTx0CvuvEZzGpae4DUYbPgDxaI0zX8Rbzp8Xaw3AAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:56:57.764583Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.07209","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:137d078eb2df6660d09da59bba924558b8d8bf0bd59f745deaee731aaba4caf5","sha256:2553e71836bc853a70739c771db8f2a585b58aa0d33160d4d9e94e789f00e1b4"],"state_sha256":"b908af57017594bc669e52c0ec18301b3c8e65f7fa50450ebdf7aa84b2912d00"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qKvVOqpVF9+RQ2qyzrCQ47yf5kZzwgK6fTYrotxhsXFeNi+4pyHr1Xp7MMnWUKc8NySDsAeiptsoov4RS4ZRBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:46:32.055264Z","bundle_sha256":"bc178dcb5fce6f583b4198263c556532af71697904d112f33e94965d21220ed1"}}