{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67","short_pith_number":"pith:CS77QPHJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.12889","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-25T15:00:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"08f4393c67cdb59365c9807dcd8a9d2da59e2d2c8f0ee784417591435d73c967","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5340eb0016b85113dae0a1adf460343e688b465abb9392d019b3cfd4454bcb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14bff83ce9f3ee18d3019dcb0751c7f7d5e21394566207f4d6073be86ea9342b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2304.12889","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.12889","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.12889v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.12889","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CS77QPHJ6PXB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CS77QPHJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2304.12889","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-25T15:00:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"08f4393c67cdb59365c9807dcd8a9d2da59e2d2c8f0ee784417591435d73c967","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5340eb0016b85113dae0a1adf460343e688b465abb9392d019b3cfd4454bcb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14bff83ce9f3ee18d3019dcb0751c7f7d5e21394566207f4d6073be86ea9342b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22.032939Z","signature_b64":"s9UTdmAnt7K1MA8mynDwMcZIB065rxOaD74tY7DsOVhLbbqFybpR44E6XWR0c1qAaJT7+ribfMEZrvXhPHlmAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14bff83ce9f3ee18d3019dcb0751c7f7d5e21394566207f4d6073be86ea9342b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22.032603Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22.032603Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2304.12889","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VFdwXNeH0ltpRsVHWo85duNZ1p4i84WfNZ4YZ/l1Ahekg6kj0tKwTBdC9j+pArEdhEKi2EQxjsEtfS7fHhtIAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T11:35:11.102836Z"},"content_sha256":"d5cf76a84578c8b7e49990eba708a77277dfabe28d74b3b845e1c7669252c456","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d5cf76a84578c8b7e49990eba708a77277dfabe28d74b3b845e1c7669252c456"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Blockchain-based Federated Learning with Secure Aggregation in Trusted Execution Environment for Internet-of-Things","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Aditya Pribadi Kalapaaking, Ibrahim Khalil, Mahathir Almashor, Mohammad Saidur Rahman, Mohammed Atiquzzaman, Xun Yi","submitted_at":"2023-04-25T15:00:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper proposes a blockchain-based Federated Learning (FL) framework with Intel Software Guard Extension (SGX)-based Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to securely aggregate local models in Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoTs). In FL, local models can be tampered with by attackers. Hence, a global model generated from the tampered local models can be erroneous. Therefore, the proposed framework leverages a blockchain network for secure model aggregation. Each blockchain node hosts an SGX-enabled processor that securely performs the FL-based aggregation tasks to generate a global model. B"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.12889","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2304.12889/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5Yzv/QKlaB+Nd8qT9/IntIOPbiPqssDbzpc188gK1Ip0I67xMeQCgE9gv6i63V1QeO4tmPH8BnY7zEitWtVXCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T11:35:11.103171Z"},"content_sha256":"38a0148aa8f9b73dee38cc7354f2e7987e2a35115de25987da220555f9e56b08","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:38a0148aa8f9b73dee38cc7354f2e7987e2a35115de25987da220555f9e56b08"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T11:35:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYBTXFQOUOH67","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5340eb0016b85113dae0a1adf460343e688b465abb9392d019b3cfd4454bcb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-25T15:00:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"08f4393c67cdb59365c9807dcd8a9d2da59e2d2c8f0ee784417591435d73c967"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.12889","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2304.12889","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2304.12889v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2304.12889","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CS77QPHJ6PXB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CS77QPHJ6PXBRUYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CS77QPHJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:38a0148aa8f9b73dee38cc7354f2e7987e2a35115de25987da220555f9e56b08","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2304.12889/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper proposes a blockchain-based Federated Learning (FL) framework with Intel Software Guard Extension (SGX)-based Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to securely aggregate local models in Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoTs). In FL, local models can be tampered with by attackers. Hence, a global model generated from the tampered local models can be erroneous. Therefore, the proposed framework leverages a blockchain network for secure model aggregation. Each blockchain node hosts an SGX-enabled processor that securely performs the FL-based aggregation tasks to generate a global model. B","authors_text":"Aditya Pribadi Kalapaaking, Ibrahim Khalil, Mahathir Almashor, Mohammad Saidur Rahman, Mohammed Atiquzzaman, Xun Yi","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-25T15:00:39Z","title":"Blockchain-based Federated Learning with Secure Aggregation in Trusted Execution Environment for Internet-of-Things"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2304.12889","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d5cf76a84578c8b7e49990eba708a77277dfabe28d74b3b845e1c7669252c456","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5340eb0016b85113dae0a1adf460343e688b465abb9392d019b3cfd4454bcb","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2023-04-25T15:00:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"08f4393c67cdb59365c9807dcd8a9d2da59e2d2c8f0ee784417591435d73c967"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2304.12889","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"14bff83ce9f3ee18d3019dcb0751c7f7d5e21394566207f4d6073be86ea9342b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"14bff83ce9f3ee18d3019dcb0751c7f7d5e21394566207f4d6073be86ea9342b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22.032603Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22.032603Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"s9UTdmAnt7K1MA8mynDwMcZIB065rxOaD74tY7DsOVhLbbqFybpR44E6XWR0c1qAaJT7+ribfMEZrvXhPHlmAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:04:22.032939Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2304.12889","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d5cf76a84578c8b7e49990eba708a77277dfabe28d74b3b845e1c7669252c456","sha256:38a0148aa8f9b73dee38cc7354f2e7987e2a35115de25987da220555f9e56b08"],"state_sha256":"aaf5d38fe5a3ab2153c7abeb96890d10faf1b9ac8afc8bb72ab5a55c27c4fbbf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"crqrw8L75KAJpym2FtnjbPvpRSBuZBCJ+dLVq5L2GahK8pn/C2os3jAPjMKR3wyUW3aVhfM0xMmw+zaeMD5uAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T11:35:11.106701Z","bundle_sha256":"3ff6e673df8361ec03e2db6305df072169155a23b88466e0a0cf06faf1280fa8"}}