{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2","short_pith_number":"pith:CSEDYMM4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1306.5975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-06-25T14:20:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"72c394effd94d96e504ab6ed58fe6607238c0b984ddc61055a5be535c622f409","abstract_canon_sha256":"b654a0ddad54655125a9fd8883be859af7aa33ee5ee81353d5e8491df7c5a615"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14883c319cf3a9d47a4cb6f8548f25a6b758e238d8df8d395924416f7084334e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1306.5975","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1306.5975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1306.5975v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1306.5975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CSEDYMM46OU5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CSEDYMM46OU5I6SM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CSEDYMM4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1306.5975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-06-25T14:20:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"72c394effd94d96e504ab6ed58fe6607238c0b984ddc61055a5be535c622f409","abstract_canon_sha256":"b654a0ddad54655125a9fd8883be859af7aa33ee5ee81353d5e8491df7c5a615"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14883c319cf3a9d47a4cb6f8548f25a6b758e238d8df8d395924416f7084334e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08.032017Z","signature_b64":"FzAdAb9AAYzyQpx91efVEsWuqd/E4dHwZ9VOW21lPEtg39qmytf+2Hb0oemFLi7zpsWEf9X7raIugTKVexE/Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14883c319cf3a9d47a4cb6f8548f25a6b758e238d8df8d395924416f7084334e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08.031493Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08.031493Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1306.5975","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EaNuvXW0Yb8EH+A+uDBn6+8a3TWKDaeqp7xnk2YkShVFv5Y1bDbBLWrRePPSP47gU8pYBDm5rnGyxbMTUGeXDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:14:22.788979Z"},"content_sha256":"053cccef097506cab7b94ae425833b35fd45b994aee83fa630de6e6dffa40ec9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:053cccef097506cab7b94ae425833b35fd45b994aee83fa630de6e6dffa40ec9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bending instability in galactic discs. Advocacy of the linear theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"N.Ya. Sotnikova, S.A. Rodionov","submitted_at":"2013-06-25T14:20:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that in N-body simulations of isolated disc galaxies there is numerical vertical heating which slowly increases the vertical velocity dispersion and the disc thickness. Even for models with over a million particles in a disc, this heating can be significant. Such an effect is just the same as in numerical experiments by Sellwood (2013). We also show that in a stellar disc, outside a boxy/peanut bulge, if it presents, the saturation level of the bending instability is rather close to the value predicted by the linear theory. We pay attention to the fact that the bending instabili"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1306.5975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BTF8Nf7KF9kJWgu0rxmvJ0DSwxvB+QTZILfyM8ghkThzrQ7cDcqPxbEfcWB8zkDwm97cBia0yX+9Fcg2whZnDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:14:22.789328Z"},"content_sha256":"147014b0a7dc789a8a53ee5b6c6431c573e78a063d692c580a74c8635f3e9cb8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:147014b0a7dc789a8a53ee5b6c6431c573e78a063d692c580a74c8635f3e9cb8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T04:14:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:CSEDYMM46OU5I6SMW34FJDZFU2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b654a0ddad54655125a9fd8883be859af7aa33ee5ee81353d5e8491df7c5a615","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-06-25T14:20:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"72c394effd94d96e504ab6ed58fe6607238c0b984ddc61055a5be535c622f409"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1306.5975","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1306.5975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1306.5975v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1306.5975","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CSEDYMM46OU5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CSEDYMM46OU5I6SM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CSEDYMM4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:147014b0a7dc789a8a53ee5b6c6431c573e78a063d692c580a74c8635f3e9cb8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate that in N-body simulations of isolated disc galaxies there is numerical vertical heating which slowly increases the vertical velocity dispersion and the disc thickness. Even for models with over a million particles in a disc, this heating can be significant. Such an effect is just the same as in numerical experiments by Sellwood (2013). We also show that in a stellar disc, outside a boxy/peanut bulge, if it presents, the saturation level of the bending instability is rather close to the value predicted by the linear theory. We pay attention to the fact that the bending instabili","authors_text":"N.Ya. Sotnikova, S.A. Rodionov","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-06-25T14:20:07Z","title":"Bending instability in galactic discs. Advocacy of the linear theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1306.5975","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:053cccef097506cab7b94ae425833b35fd45b994aee83fa630de6e6dffa40ec9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b654a0ddad54655125a9fd8883be859af7aa33ee5ee81353d5e8491df7c5a615","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2013-06-25T14:20:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"72c394effd94d96e504ab6ed58fe6607238c0b984ddc61055a5be535c622f409"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1306.5975","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"14883c319cf3a9d47a4cb6f8548f25a6b758e238d8df8d395924416f7084334e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"14883c319cf3a9d47a4cb6f8548f25a6b758e238d8df8d395924416f7084334e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08.031493Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08.031493Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FzAdAb9AAYzyQpx91efVEsWuqd/E4dHwZ9VOW21lPEtg39qmytf+2Hb0oemFLi7zpsWEf9X7raIugTKVexE/Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:49:08.032017Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1306.5975","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:053cccef097506cab7b94ae425833b35fd45b994aee83fa630de6e6dffa40ec9","sha256:147014b0a7dc789a8a53ee5b6c6431c573e78a063d692c580a74c8635f3e9cb8"],"state_sha256":"0f4e565ad7ebc902a9d1998b62a5f25d30b54d875821cc684ee82a5eeb29c1f0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1SaiDoyGkNj01RxaIOOECyvZsffYPq4NS6TA6qLHsViYLyaTfFltynE0raMZnVw8pVMc2giJnDMFFghIDxCIDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:14:22.791404Z","bundle_sha256":"e2f92ec6ba5becb304f91e02077f5012b24b971d221491895e0b96914464e63f"}}