{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2","short_pith_number":"pith:CSSTTOEM","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"14a539b88ca71ee7c28f90fc306dda16a7ded43e5ac6d50543884731d4b1b5c7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.08506","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"On the Bias of the Distance-Redshift Relation from Gravitational Lensing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"John A. Peacock, Nick Kaiser","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T23:18:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"A long standing question in cosmology is whether gravitational lensing changes the distance-redshift relation $D(z)$ or the mean flux density of sources. Interest in this has been rekindled by recent studies in non-linear relativistic perturbation theory that find biases in both the area of a surface of constant redshift and in the mean distance to this surface, with a fractional bias in both cases on the order of the mean squared convergence $\\langle \\kappa^2 \\rangle$. Any such area bias could alter CMB cosmology, and the corresponding bias in mean flux density could affect supernova cosmolog"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.08506","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T23:18:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"85210bc8f1835862fd30ab3acb2b9a69758acb67caa66f01e6cb0aa0d56163d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"73204cec4085e321950492f1a16df3bf66ce5eab339c403ac236177063f60b8f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218990Z","signature_b64":"tgKE0cz0aftsas5vCFRepmp9fA7GMToWhvVSkKgDQExjFOGXQxU8X4EwftRF2Ep6kfwwlsEh8MXdSnz+yrf0Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14a539b88ca71ee7c28f90fc306dda16a7ded43e5ac6d50543884731d4b1b5c7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218650Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218650Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Bias of the Distance-Redshift Relation from Gravitational Lensing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"John A. Peacock, Nick Kaiser","submitted_at":"2015-03-29T23:18:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"A long standing question in cosmology is whether gravitational lensing changes the distance-redshift relation $D(z)$ or the mean flux density of sources. Interest in this has been rekindled by recent studies in non-linear relativistic perturbation theory that find biases in both the area of a surface of constant redshift and in the mean distance to this surface, with a fractional bias in both cases on the order of the mean squared convergence $\\langle \\kappa^2 \\rangle$. Any such area bias could alter CMB cosmology, and the corresponding bias in mean flux density could affect supernova cosmolog"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.08506","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.08506","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218704+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.08506v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218704+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.08506","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218704+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CSSTTOEMU4PO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17.054201+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CSSTTOEMU4POPQUP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17.054201+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CSSTTOEM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17.054201+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2","json":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CSSTTOEM"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CSSTTOEM","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1503.08506&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/CSSTTOEMU4POPQUPSD6DA3O2C2/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218704+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:19.218704+00:00"}