{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7","short_pith_number":"pith:CTK2X6DP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.17066","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T00:01:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80cae3527f36cb76391a60a8a035018342295898c21fcf9a8c57dc8e82a52bf2","abstract_canon_sha256":"65f80d210ff0cbeb7532383c4046be28920ae98a9c1a63f63ee93b19dd10d762"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14d5abf86f7e3bbdf6cf961084e6714feeaf232db36f11f9f693895bf0e639de","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.17066","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.17066","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.17066v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.17066","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CTK2X6DPPY53","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CTK2X6DPPY5335WP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CTK2X6DP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.17066","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T00:01:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"80cae3527f36cb76391a60a8a035018342295898c21fcf9a8c57dc8e82a52bf2","abstract_canon_sha256":"65f80d210ff0cbeb7532383c4046be28920ae98a9c1a63f63ee93b19dd10d762"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"14d5abf86f7e3bbdf6cf961084e6714feeaf232db36f11f9f693895bf0e639de","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19.200051Z","signature_b64":"QwNoUIgcEz0vspu4TpNKt+0L19iQmjiri3urgVsqep4ba7SAldTtVqMZV8EIgNU1Y1jebFw5hk6t/csNwn4UCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14d5abf86f7e3bbdf6cf961084e6714feeaf232db36f11f9f693895bf0e639de","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19.199617Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19.199617Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.17066","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o6v7H5WUCJW6EkqBmV8QBFMxT3exneFGazXMbeWAsl3PyYFi4GZzFxApedMjPJpsClL5dHuTUcY6SZixg7+lCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T06:18:03.083129Z"},"content_sha256":"370925ef2d0d9a4ce0bc55bc8994c977209d628e855fe8f7d7aa37d8955d90a8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:370925ef2d0d9a4ce0bc55bc8994c977209d628e855fe8f7d7aa37d8955d90a8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Multiple-Carrier-Lifetime Model for Carrier Dynamics in InGaN/GaN LEDs with Non-Uniform Carrier Distribution","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Daniel Feezell, Elizabeth DeJong, Rob Armitage, Xuefeng Li","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T00:01:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a multiple-carrier-lifetime model (MCLM) for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with non-uniform carrier distribution, such as in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures. By employing the MCLM, we successfully explain the modulation response of V-pit engineered MQW LEDs, which exhibit an S21 roll-off slower than -20 dB/decade. Using the proposed model and employing a gradient descent method, we extract effective recombination and escape lifetimes by averaging the carrier behavior across the quantum wells. Our results reveal slower effective carrier recombination and escape in MQW LEDs co"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.17066","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.17066/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RaNq4bUzs9KS0Zv2fTMKILk50ByZUa4bFIpoXWHNw9OVomBWlB73+DfZTRZ6nmOAloQLU4zBkynrwnqvFPkoAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T06:18:03.083527Z"},"content_sha256":"65d0a07238701b0d52d61d5ad73164ee5dcd923738900d8fd98f17476c37cb0d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:65d0a07238701b0d52d61d5ad73164ee5dcd923738900d8fd98f17476c37cb0d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T06:18:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:CTK2X6DPPY5335WPSYIIJZTRJ7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65f80d210ff0cbeb7532383c4046be28920ae98a9c1a63f63ee93b19dd10d762","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T00:01:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"80cae3527f36cb76391a60a8a035018342295898c21fcf9a8c57dc8e82a52bf2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.17066","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.17066","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.17066v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.17066","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CTK2X6DPPY53","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CTK2X6DPPY5335WP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CTK2X6DP","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:65d0a07238701b0d52d61d5ad73164ee5dcd923738900d8fd98f17476c37cb0d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.17066/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a multiple-carrier-lifetime model (MCLM) for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with non-uniform carrier distribution, such as in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures. By employing the MCLM, we successfully explain the modulation response of V-pit engineered MQW LEDs, which exhibit an S21 roll-off slower than -20 dB/decade. Using the proposed model and employing a gradient descent method, we extract effective recombination and escape lifetimes by averaging the carrier behavior across the quantum wells. Our results reveal slower effective carrier recombination and escape in MQW LEDs co","authors_text":"Daniel Feezell, Elizabeth DeJong, Rob Armitage, Xuefeng Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T00:01:17Z","title":"Multiple-Carrier-Lifetime Model for Carrier Dynamics in InGaN/GaN LEDs with Non-Uniform Carrier Distribution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.17066","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:370925ef2d0d9a4ce0bc55bc8994c977209d628e855fe8f7d7aa37d8955d90a8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65f80d210ff0cbeb7532383c4046be28920ae98a9c1a63f63ee93b19dd10d762","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","submitted_at":"2023-10-26T00:01:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"80cae3527f36cb76391a60a8a035018342295898c21fcf9a8c57dc8e82a52bf2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.17066","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"14d5abf86f7e3bbdf6cf961084e6714feeaf232db36f11f9f693895bf0e639de","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"14d5abf86f7e3bbdf6cf961084e6714feeaf232db36f11f9f693895bf0e639de","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19.199617Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19.199617Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QwNoUIgcEz0vspu4TpNKt+0L19iQmjiri3urgVsqep4ba7SAldTtVqMZV8EIgNU1Y1jebFw5hk6t/csNwn4UCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:05:19.200051Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.17066","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:370925ef2d0d9a4ce0bc55bc8994c977209d628e855fe8f7d7aa37d8955d90a8","sha256:65d0a07238701b0d52d61d5ad73164ee5dcd923738900d8fd98f17476c37cb0d"],"state_sha256":"a99ac37022cabf81798d142e8a0ebd15566bb70609ee489f6019ba85499bfadf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZZaMKFWKHIhtlJzMi3Ot4qKBKq0VY0YFR90+yrSjLhAWLbae7pVuoTN6p23D4Ymv7k4q3xTpq2VTVsXP1q4/DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T06:18:03.085502Z","bundle_sha256":"48296033c86d2e3d9f1ba8ca18f8e909db706cf9601c8ec575bd312b89c0c7fe"}}