{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN","short_pith_number":"pith:CTPAHQ6H","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"14de03c3c7148c553b8d48e408c39bcb7a885e843a0f31086089217f6f9e85f6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1710.07648","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Electron Heating in Low Mach Number Perpendicular shocks. I. Heating Mechanism","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Lorenzo Sironi (Columbia), Ramesh Narayan (Harvard), Xinyi Guo (Harvard)","submitted_at":"2017-10-20T18:01:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent X-ray observations of merger shocks in galaxy clusters have shown that the post-shock plasma is two-temperature, with the protons hotter than the electrons. By means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we study the physics of electron irreversible heating in perpendicular low Mach number shocks, for a representative case with sonic Mach number of 3 and plasma beta of 16. We find that two basic ingredients are needed for electron entropy production: (i) an electron temperature anisotropy, induced by field amplification coupled to adiabatic invariance; and (ii) a mechanism to"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.07648","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2017-10-20T18:01:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"112cf2dcb90bb324a1f898088d42deb0b0d0a199a2599e6a6d47afd6dc1dff5c","abstract_canon_sha256":"ffe293111ea781814cd3f362189b645709f340427bbba810b703faed84b822a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617734Z","signature_b64":"4MaU5PgnmlefgyfqMzW7TVuPzVJq/VrJNsWP5BUIodls7E4LDyQCIfE8FkjPqbB1LF4v0s1squkOMKnpnaqbCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14de03c3c7148c553b8d48e408c39bcb7a885e843a0f31086089217f6f9e85f6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617105Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617105Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Electron Heating in Low Mach Number Perpendicular shocks. I. Heating Mechanism","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Lorenzo Sironi (Columbia), Ramesh Narayan (Harvard), Xinyi Guo (Harvard)","submitted_at":"2017-10-20T18:01:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent X-ray observations of merger shocks in galaxy clusters have shown that the post-shock plasma is two-temperature, with the protons hotter than the electrons. By means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we study the physics of electron irreversible heating in perpendicular low Mach number shocks, for a representative case with sonic Mach number of 3 and plasma beta of 16. We find that two basic ingredients are needed for electron entropy production: (i) an electron temperature anisotropy, induced by field amplification coupled to adiabatic invariance; and (ii) a mechanism to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.07648","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.07648","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617194+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.07648v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617194+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.07648","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617194+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CTPAHQ6HCSGF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:10.602751+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:10.602751+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CTPAHQ6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:10.602751+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN","json":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CTPAHQ6H"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CTPAHQ6H","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1710.07648&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/CTPAHQ6HCSGFKO4NJDSARQ43ZN/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617194+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:12.617194+00:00"}