{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2024:CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG","short_pith_number":"pith:CTQ2FZQU","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"14e1a2e61403ddd116030a5cd4b7a429b82d6b0c54137d9456194dac77839b5d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.08821","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Constrained C-Test Generation via Mixed-Integer Programming","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Iryna Gurevych, Ji-Ung Lee, Marc E. Pfetsch","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T21:35:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work proposes a novel method to generate C-Tests; a deviated form of cloze tests (a gap filling exercise) where only the last part of a word is turned into a gap. In contrast to previous works that only consider varying the gap size or gap placement to achieve locally optimal solutions, we propose a mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach. This allows us to consider gap size and placement simultaneously, achieving globally optimal solutions, and to directly integrate state-of-the-art models for gap difficulty prediction into the optimization problem. A user study with 40 participants acr"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.08821","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T21:35:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f11f498fbda76771dc695fca5eb1f4c7934267030f479f416c02b2536dd3f7d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"703dd00f03af8df9ce106c7fb383fefc5d1df97c70e36b2c0b879d5a723ec281"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740933Z","signature_b64":"WXUzbE4acbmqD6fw4Dm5OhIUnl8DkhrgLt65i5Q7iZBFvI9aqDyUXdboAl/4ASJ87MaVcPJQkpbk2st5s8DfDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"14e1a2e61403ddd116030a5cd4b7a429b82d6b0c54137d9456194dac77839b5d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740495Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740495Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Constrained C-Test Generation via Mixed-Integer Programming","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Iryna Gurevych, Ji-Ung Lee, Marc E. Pfetsch","submitted_at":"2024-04-12T21:35:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work proposes a novel method to generate C-Tests; a deviated form of cloze tests (a gap filling exercise) where only the last part of a word is turned into a gap. In contrast to previous works that only consider varying the gap size or gap placement to achieve locally optimal solutions, we propose a mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach. This allows us to consider gap size and placement simultaneously, achieving globally optimal solutions, and to directly integrate state-of-the-art models for gap difficulty prediction into the optimization problem. A user study with 40 participants acr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.08821","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.08821/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.08821","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.08821v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.08821","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CTQ2FZQUAPO5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CTQ2FZQU","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG","json":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CTQ2FZQU"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CTQ2FZQU","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2404.08821&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/CTQ2FZQUAPO5CFQDBJONJN5EFG/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T08:07:40.740539+00:00"}