{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CTRGCVKP3IF5BR5WQP2SFIZL4G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"90d0a05875388a01e1113d3fd91dc12d27890d9576be2f58d1e73110514908a7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-10-31T22:39:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4d9744ffdd92a95043695619905c8997eda0dedc1a38ff9cd7bdf256ea72f50"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.00143","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.00143","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.00143v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.00143","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CTRGCVKP3IF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CTRGCVKP3IF5BR5W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CTRGCVKP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:834ad2b55643efad221113bc2e50d53f4ce91261398d463ec8a04b7da945ddd5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The interest and demand for training deep neural networks have been experiencing rapid growth, spanning a wide range of applications in both academia and industry. However, training them distributed and at scale remains difficult due to the complex ecosystem of tools and hardware involved. One consequence is that the responsibility of orchestrating these complex components is often left to one-off scripts and glue code customized for specific problems. To address these restrictions, we introduce \\emph{Alchemist} - an internal service built at Apple from the ground up for \\emph{easy}, \\emph{fas","authors_text":"Dan Gimnicher, Daniel Chao, Dominic Walsh, Hadi Pouransari, Minghuang Ma, Santiago Akle Serrano, Saurabh Adya, Yi Qin","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-10-31T22:39:59Z","title":"Democratizing Production-Scale Distributed Deep Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.00143","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ba6dcd5f2a789a9362f254d7a8b30042d720df136b3676b5b774c52871a9cf98","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"90d0a05875388a01e1113d3fd91dc12d27890d9576be2f58d1e73110514908a7","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2018-10-31T22:39:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4d9744ffdd92a95043695619905c8997eda0dedc1a38ff9cd7bdf256ea72f50"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.00143","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"14e261554fda0bd0c7b683f522a32be1a2ce1485d54d9581f6f16db94cd8e0f9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"14e261554fda0bd0c7b683f522a32be1a2ce1485d54d9581f6f16db94cd8e0f9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37.318808Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37.318808Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rPOgMak73Km039oqVbKMFBQBWVkrL5KXROwPGkG9+cAwXDoXZ+9Q4sEGeTnMnaUVduZM3CfmvFEPzOhWQkKoAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:37.319521Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.00143","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ba6dcd5f2a789a9362f254d7a8b30042d720df136b3676b5b774c52871a9cf98","sha256:834ad2b55643efad221113bc2e50d53f4ce91261398d463ec8a04b7da945ddd5"],"state_sha256":"18225035736267adc9c20ab4fe92dfd83ebeaf4654c09a1540f19855bf578ca4"}