{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS","short_pith_number":"pith:CUCC6DFG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.08059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-08-18T17:41:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"006630bd7d420d0e86f7d88b0c7aa1431826ecbde6ca754ab430b811c1fa9685","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c7be2508b2986cd5c5639c3442c1dbe730b4167e4c0a3dcc69bb68401abb079"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"15042f0ca68e8d53d8e8b895138023bc89fe09a09c1b72f2679f675d3f9351b3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2008.08059","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.08059","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.08059v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.08059","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CUCC6DFGR2GV","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CUCC6DFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.08059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-08-18T17:41:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"006630bd7d420d0e86f7d88b0c7aa1431826ecbde6ca754ab430b811c1fa9685","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c7be2508b2986cd5c5639c3442c1dbe730b4167e4c0a3dcc69bb68401abb079"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"15042f0ca68e8d53d8e8b895138023bc89fe09a09c1b72f2679f675d3f9351b3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14.880835Z","signature_b64":"snT8xcK+M12PEl6OS+uXRTtDbN93CNzVjS0wyqlNYNoqck7ek9fcLIhAJ2GXRL9u4Y2My1Nxo6mvwZ6sXkO1Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"15042f0ca68e8d53d8e8b895138023bc89fe09a09c1b72f2679f675d3f9351b3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14.880408Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14.880408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2008.08059","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jdmkLzJ3DKBVEgmrttDG8WMFn35fXUMRXIfh5K/MKtc3SKPyrhTzAfzN2VW3MrKsT3H407lJXQdbI0cle/W5DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T15:22:09.291022Z"},"content_sha256":"6233b9cc370175202f912b90552be4154e6e2dfedfb1719b8319ba944b2c0c44","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6233b9cc370175202f912b90552be4154e6e2dfedfb1719b8319ba944b2c0c44"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When Hardness of Approximation Meets Hardness of Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Eran Malach, Shai Shalev-Shwartz","submitted_at":"2020-08-18T17:41:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"A supervised learning algorithm has access to a distribution of labeled examples, and needs to return a function (hypothesis) that correctly labels the examples. The hypothesis of the learner is taken from some fixed class of functions (e.g., linear classifiers, neural networks etc.). A failure of the learning algorithm can occur due to two possible reasons: wrong choice of hypothesis class (hardness of approximation), or failure to find the best function within the hypothesis class (hardness of learning). Although both approximation and learnability are important for the success of the algori"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.08059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2008.08059/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YosxoSGF4wEpD/IjCWCc8tLfx2p9gNJ1jqDCO8PHTnkjIaA19jJnDLScX6mra2jAv6BpcOo+7+5ywckN/bmxDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T15:22:09.291554Z"},"content_sha256":"eb780294ce37773021eb61d8e52d44d459cf6662057915323db0e19ad2bfdd6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eb780294ce37773021eb61d8e52d44d459cf6662057915323db0e19ad2bfdd6f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T15:22:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHIXCKRHABDXS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c7be2508b2986cd5c5639c3442c1dbe730b4167e4c0a3dcc69bb68401abb079","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-08-18T17:41:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"006630bd7d420d0e86f7d88b0c7aa1431826ecbde6ca754ab430b811c1fa9685"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.08059","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.08059","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.08059v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.08059","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CUCC6DFGR2GV","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CUCC6DFGR2GVHWHI","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CUCC6DFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eb780294ce37773021eb61d8e52d44d459cf6662057915323db0e19ad2bfdd6f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2008.08059/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A supervised learning algorithm has access to a distribution of labeled examples, and needs to return a function (hypothesis) that correctly labels the examples. The hypothesis of the learner is taken from some fixed class of functions (e.g., linear classifiers, neural networks etc.). A failure of the learning algorithm can occur due to two possible reasons: wrong choice of hypothesis class (hardness of approximation), or failure to find the best function within the hypothesis class (hardness of learning). Although both approximation and learnability are important for the success of the algori","authors_text":"Eran Malach, Shai Shalev-Shwartz","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-08-18T17:41:28Z","title":"When Hardness of Approximation Meets Hardness of Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.08059","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6233b9cc370175202f912b90552be4154e6e2dfedfb1719b8319ba944b2c0c44","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c7be2508b2986cd5c5639c3442c1dbe730b4167e4c0a3dcc69bb68401abb079","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-08-18T17:41:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"006630bd7d420d0e86f7d88b0c7aa1431826ecbde6ca754ab430b811c1fa9685"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.08059","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"15042f0ca68e8d53d8e8b895138023bc89fe09a09c1b72f2679f675d3f9351b3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"15042f0ca68e8d53d8e8b895138023bc89fe09a09c1b72f2679f675d3f9351b3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14.880408Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14.880408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"snT8xcK+M12PEl6OS+uXRTtDbN93CNzVjS0wyqlNYNoqck7ek9fcLIhAJ2GXRL9u4Y2My1Nxo6mvwZ6sXkO1Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:29:14.880835Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2008.08059","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6233b9cc370175202f912b90552be4154e6e2dfedfb1719b8319ba944b2c0c44","sha256:eb780294ce37773021eb61d8e52d44d459cf6662057915323db0e19ad2bfdd6f"],"state_sha256":"3b5511f5eb64d2c896ace1a35770624ae34563a171ea6252f9c99f574dda4d6c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MYzEgZogpI1EWUj4lQuUwL5BKP9kBnJufZ6ftil8QWl3+54/oRwx6jXbPZzWm7cY+C8nd96v95LqfOCn5VXRAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T15:22:09.296160Z","bundle_sha256":"2071315a618a0f765d67b0c7bfe815ba72be73c75837e20f63cacdca037a6aed"}}