{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS","short_pith_number":"pith:CUPIQXJE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.08545","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-01-25T19:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"96e6039e5ae7b554229dee72924b9575cd444ac7fb3208dbf6a05bfc1c7195c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"eef352ab5ccbb46105eb731a38730da6dbc61ff9960df0435f9b3888b9e25e17"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"151e885d248af2bfcd6acfa3e9a954bc8743ec8c8b4f258c0dfdcc9291ca59ae","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.08545","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.08545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.08545v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.08545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CUPIQXJERLZL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CUPIQXJERLZL7TLK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CUPIQXJE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.08545","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-01-25T19:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"96e6039e5ae7b554229dee72924b9575cd444ac7fb3208dbf6a05bfc1c7195c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"eef352ab5ccbb46105eb731a38730da6dbc61ff9960df0435f9b3888b9e25e17"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"151e885d248af2bfcd6acfa3e9a954bc8743ec8c8b4f258c0dfdcc9291ca59ae","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.989173Z","signature_b64":"NjgwyJmUvZ0hxsAsMjPRLDB+rF2hHAzGe2DSu/RfdssbxKUWg/7LpVcFTCbs2Z31Z96IF1bdO/W2kiSo5FrdCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"151e885d248af2bfcd6acfa3e9a954bc8743ec8c8b4f258c0dfdcc9291ca59ae","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.988473Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.988473Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.08545","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TYKGr80hBGbGF+Wo3xhwZwHSBk3Xnx3NvcA9wTXHX3lpI2J8aRUIuhLCZE1MyL1b1Vwiq0EOEEG6wjO4J+gzAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:39:04.588644Z"},"content_sha256":"ed62e51fc2388b8cc0211cc2f081e569cea49e25b26f3c4c5fe95a54be566d53","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ed62e51fc2388b8cc0211cc2f081e569cea49e25b26f3c4c5fe95a54be566d53"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds with Radiative Transfer: Isolated Halos","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"2), (2) UK Lexington, (3) Georgia Tech, (4) JILA), Isaac Shlosman (1, John Wise (3), Kazem Ardaneh (1), Kentaro Nagamine (1), Mitchell Begelman (4) ((1) Osaka University, Yang Luo (1","submitted_at":"2018-01-25T19:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Direct collapse within dark matter (DM) halos is a promising path to form supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds at high redshifts. The outer part of this collapse remains optically thin, and has been studied intensively using numerical simulations. However, the innermost region of the collapse is expected to become optically thick and requires us to follow the radiation field in order to understand its subsequent evolution. So far, the adiabatic approximation has been used exclusively for this purpose. We apply radiative transfer in the flux-limited diffusion (FLD) approximation to solve the ev"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.08545","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sMrw4HWNKCBzr2Ij78ZufXdTl3JFL0FMed2P9oSCk8U46re8PeulZk0N2khW668wzPmv8FZEj/zVgdw/EeE/Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:39:04.589289Z"},"content_sha256":"82980bb8bd5f82369f329c85bf3fbf8891bcf63c45948fc75cd9854971288f1f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:82980bb8bd5f82369f329c85bf3fbf8891bcf63c45948fc75cd9854971288f1f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T16:39:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CUPIQXJERLZL7TLKZ6R6TKKUXS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eef352ab5ccbb46105eb731a38730da6dbc61ff9960df0435f9b3888b9e25e17","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-01-25T19:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"96e6039e5ae7b554229dee72924b9575cd444ac7fb3208dbf6a05bfc1c7195c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.08545","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.08545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.08545v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.08545","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CUPIQXJERLZL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CUPIQXJERLZL7TLK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CUPIQXJE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:82980bb8bd5f82369f329c85bf3fbf8891bcf63c45948fc75cd9854971288f1f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Direct collapse within dark matter (DM) halos is a promising path to form supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds at high redshifts. The outer part of this collapse remains optically thin, and has been studied intensively using numerical simulations. However, the innermost region of the collapse is expected to become optically thick and requires us to follow the radiation field in order to understand its subsequent evolution. So far, the adiabatic approximation has been used exclusively for this purpose. We apply radiative transfer in the flux-limited diffusion (FLD) approximation to solve the ev","authors_text":"2), (2) UK Lexington, (3) Georgia Tech, (4) JILA), Isaac Shlosman (1, John Wise (3), Kazem Ardaneh (1), Kentaro Nagamine (1), Mitchell Begelman (4) ((1) Osaka University, Yang Luo (1","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-01-25T19:00:02Z","title":"Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds with Radiative Transfer: Isolated Halos"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.08545","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ed62e51fc2388b8cc0211cc2f081e569cea49e25b26f3c4c5fe95a54be566d53","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eef352ab5ccbb46105eb731a38730da6dbc61ff9960df0435f9b3888b9e25e17","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-01-25T19:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"96e6039e5ae7b554229dee72924b9575cd444ac7fb3208dbf6a05bfc1c7195c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.08545","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"151e885d248af2bfcd6acfa3e9a954bc8743ec8c8b4f258c0dfdcc9291ca59ae","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"151e885d248af2bfcd6acfa3e9a954bc8743ec8c8b4f258c0dfdcc9291ca59ae","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.988473Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.988473Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NjgwyJmUvZ0hxsAsMjPRLDB+rF2hHAzGe2DSu/RfdssbxKUWg/7LpVcFTCbs2Z31Z96IF1bdO/W2kiSo5FrdCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:18:40.989173Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.08545","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ed62e51fc2388b8cc0211cc2f081e569cea49e25b26f3c4c5fe95a54be566d53","sha256:82980bb8bd5f82369f329c85bf3fbf8891bcf63c45948fc75cd9854971288f1f"],"state_sha256":"669ea60018fb804c50b807e7202bdcd979c6cdf8964b5f7edf97d24bcbf49e1b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wz40uEXlUFQk2RlLHY/nFJlmh0L9qSZEmERcLTqSAJkduOILARERSm8vAqh8EQreRxglsv/ERdGwswdpWDBkAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:39:04.592409Z","bundle_sha256":"fbf46f77935921ae34a06125486b12db01219471ee8a240584ec5c6ca2bca7f7"}}