{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6","short_pith_number":"pith:CVSGNZTD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.04622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-19T21:00:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"013b493e2af23261ce823c0161a716f71d323f1d7fc8ec6796ad26a6b91a83b1","abstract_canon_sha256":"722e0492ce70fc4bdb3a82035dc34fde5837556353877e1c9a096698947acc98"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"156466e6631ea7188771eccdb1515e9fad7fd34455ec0a2035b5283fdbb83820","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1501.04622","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.04622","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.04622v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.04622","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CVSGNZTDD2TR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CVSGNZTD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.04622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-19T21:00:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"013b493e2af23261ce823c0161a716f71d323f1d7fc8ec6796ad26a6b91a83b1","abstract_canon_sha256":"722e0492ce70fc4bdb3a82035dc34fde5837556353877e1c9a096698947acc98"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"156466e6631ea7188771eccdb1515e9fad7fd34455ec0a2035b5283fdbb83820","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59.175950Z","signature_b64":"x66Eqs0fUT7lzP6fVaLWWU0LYJy8NkvpI9lH0txGPczl1GKzWSm9p42LL46WLu2poglKHeeJUUO/czD8OzQODg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"156466e6631ea7188771eccdb1515e9fad7fd34455ec0a2035b5283fdbb83820","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59.175193Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59.175193Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1501.04622","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mX1w+8A/SesZiBR1gYNXPmOBMzZPWK8CPy/7Iarv4xQ86FXmExC4t7Rmi8MA+6kzCs6ebs64EjFj612anDFHBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T12:26:26.458050Z"},"content_sha256":"f73d22f9c209e63a3e52de665730d9bc9fcf36d08f3bead6e57aacf9aea98e7a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f73d22f9c209e63a3e52de665730d9bc9fcf36d08f3bead6e57aacf9aea98e7a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Color confinement and screening in the $\\mathbf{\\theta}$ -vacuum","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Dmitri E. Kharzeev, Eugene M. Levin","submitted_at":"2015-01-19T21:00:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"QCD perturbation theory ignores the compact nature of $SU(3)$ gauge group that gives rise to the periodic $\\theta$-vacuum of the theory. We propose to modify the gluon propagator to reconcile perturbation theory with the anomalous Ward identities for the topological current in the $\\theta$-vacuum. As a result, the gluon couples to the Veneziano ghost describing the tunneling transitions between different Chern-Simons sectors of the vacuum; we call the emerging gluon dressed by ghost loops a \"glost\". We evaluate the glost propagator and find that it has the form $G(p) = (p^2 + \\chi_{top}/p^2)^{"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.04622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EQLa2qsxwZ5922YWs6VMKdwbv0O/91T3l6mGNsvJKQN9Pe+35HSr4JQr82WzBIyvWIuYRAlloLiQRtCN8/XDAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T12:26:26.458410Z"},"content_sha256":"69b4f4f048f5b29b544ab3d0877ea1fc1a857b02a61f9bbdd7372ac3844f1722","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:69b4f4f048f5b29b544ab3d0877ea1fc1a857b02a61f9bbdd7372ac3844f1722"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T12:26:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R5TG3CUK6T6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"722e0492ce70fc4bdb3a82035dc34fde5837556353877e1c9a096698947acc98","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-19T21:00:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"013b493e2af23261ce823c0161a716f71d323f1d7fc8ec6796ad26a6b91a83b1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.04622","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.04622","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.04622v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.04622","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CVSGNZTDD2TR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CVSGNZTDD2TRRB3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CVSGNZTD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:69b4f4f048f5b29b544ab3d0877ea1fc1a857b02a61f9bbdd7372ac3844f1722","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"QCD perturbation theory ignores the compact nature of $SU(3)$ gauge group that gives rise to the periodic $\\theta$-vacuum of the theory. We propose to modify the gluon propagator to reconcile perturbation theory with the anomalous Ward identities for the topological current in the $\\theta$-vacuum. As a result, the gluon couples to the Veneziano ghost describing the tunneling transitions between different Chern-Simons sectors of the vacuum; we call the emerging gluon dressed by ghost loops a \"glost\". We evaluate the glost propagator and find that it has the form $G(p) = (p^2 + \\chi_{top}/p^2)^{","authors_text":"Dmitri E. Kharzeev, Eugene M. Levin","cross_cats":["hep-th","nucl-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-19T21:00:06Z","title":"Color confinement and screening in the $\\mathbf{\\theta}$ -vacuum"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.04622","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f73d22f9c209e63a3e52de665730d9bc9fcf36d08f3bead6e57aacf9aea98e7a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"722e0492ce70fc4bdb3a82035dc34fde5837556353877e1c9a096698947acc98","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","nucl-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2015-01-19T21:00:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"013b493e2af23261ce823c0161a716f71d323f1d7fc8ec6796ad26a6b91a83b1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.04622","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"156466e6631ea7188771eccdb1515e9fad7fd34455ec0a2035b5283fdbb83820","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"156466e6631ea7188771eccdb1515e9fad7fd34455ec0a2035b5283fdbb83820","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59.175193Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59.175193Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"x66Eqs0fUT7lzP6fVaLWWU0LYJy8NkvpI9lH0txGPczl1GKzWSm9p42LL46WLu2poglKHeeJUUO/czD8OzQODg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:59.175950Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1501.04622","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f73d22f9c209e63a3e52de665730d9bc9fcf36d08f3bead6e57aacf9aea98e7a","sha256:69b4f4f048f5b29b544ab3d0877ea1fc1a857b02a61f9bbdd7372ac3844f1722"],"state_sha256":"93761078bd71d1162f58b14587cd27305cdb29a44e24ba01957a20b1e0a7653f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oYeE2bMd/g1oASFpUdZLfQ2Iv19bG0+eKdLnZthw73C/n1I5D6IsWib8F7WUtCrJi9AQa/VRO+OnwrgCNZtADA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T12:26:26.460463Z","bundle_sha256":"b570da09386d1ae44346e4ac38c3ef0f80f47b51fe871a70cff58493e34602f7"}}