{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC","short_pith_number":"pith:CWHAXV5N","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.08653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-08-30T20:37:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e0f0f0664281e1d4ba03964c1b478a9bd3027ac01fb8ebd919435cc62806acce","abstract_canon_sha256":"9178cf6163fb9108818ca617d44f890edb53f15332053778a024c7f4f199ed76"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"158e0bd7ade31f06d17af8e68af90a489eb7b81a05abe206363512072dbf5dc1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1608.08653","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.08653","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.08653v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.08653","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CWHAXV5N4MPQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CWHAXV5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1608.08653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-08-30T20:37:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e0f0f0664281e1d4ba03964c1b478a9bd3027ac01fb8ebd919435cc62806acce","abstract_canon_sha256":"9178cf6163fb9108818ca617d44f890edb53f15332053778a024c7f4f199ed76"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"158e0bd7ade31f06d17af8e68af90a489eb7b81a05abe206363512072dbf5dc1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36.920443Z","signature_b64":"rm2lkU1+URmdGuksR5y+0R2t48y+tBXabgX7lBaVdQ6DR0HEWDrtixhFJPI7vSu6QfF1/36r6tX3CQeDcbhtAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"158e0bd7ade31f06d17af8e68af90a489eb7b81a05abe206363512072dbf5dc1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36.919750Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36.919750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1608.08653","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Xn4YYAT6jRggRKqqVampAAJFbWasLm+VYve2kuzpH3qnfzVVrdvWX97qnwHtsMvOcKLPpurt0/vwxEgiBnsjDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T03:15:15.938859Z"},"content_sha256":"06c8e7d6e6e4cc2f064b34f2256f06243dc6a26241c3773d29ee87bef3ec6cf7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:06c8e7d6e6e4cc2f064b34f2256f06243dc6a26241c3773d29ee87bef3ec6cf7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Design and Demonstration of Ultra Wide Bandgap AlGaN Tunnel Junctions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Andrew A. Allerman, Andrew M. Armstrong, Fatih Akyol, Michael W. Moseley, Siddharth Rajan, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Yuewei Zhang","submitted_at":"2016-08-30T20:37:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ultra violet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) face critical limitations in both the injection efficiency and light extraction efficiency due to the resistive and absorbing p-type contact layers. In this work, we investigate the design and application of polarization engineered tunnel junctions for ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN (Al mole fraction higher than 50%) materials towards highly efficient UV LEDs. We demonstrate that polarization-induced 3D charge is beneficial in reducing tunneling barriers especially for high composition AlGaN tunnel junctions. The design of graded tunnel junction structure"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.08653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WfMqzAdvNe929w0PH1M9Dte2rus0qp6QX/ul+XjzjNI9P5xW6kniTWJR0nUgHVLDCbzb7nT5PGxTD6KZ1HVhBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T03:15:15.939511Z"},"content_sha256":"f647fcde2b19522b8c24220e0a62f7ebc834c98c0b0312b0eef57d1959bc00b9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f647fcde2b19522b8c24220e0a62f7ebc834c98c0b0312b0eef57d1959bc00b9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T03:15:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL27DTIV6IKJC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9178cf6163fb9108818ca617d44f890edb53f15332053778a024c7f4f199ed76","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-08-30T20:37:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"e0f0f0664281e1d4ba03964c1b478a9bd3027ac01fb8ebd919435cc62806acce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.08653","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1608.08653","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1608.08653v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1608.08653","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CWHAXV5N4MPQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CWHAXV5N4MPQNUL2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CWHAXV5N","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f647fcde2b19522b8c24220e0a62f7ebc834c98c0b0312b0eef57d1959bc00b9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ultra violet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) face critical limitations in both the injection efficiency and light extraction efficiency due to the resistive and absorbing p-type contact layers. In this work, we investigate the design and application of polarization engineered tunnel junctions for ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN (Al mole fraction higher than 50%) materials towards highly efficient UV LEDs. We demonstrate that polarization-induced 3D charge is beneficial in reducing tunneling barriers especially for high composition AlGaN tunnel junctions. The design of graded tunnel junction structure","authors_text":"Andrew A. Allerman, Andrew M. Armstrong, Fatih Akyol, Michael W. Moseley, Siddharth Rajan, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Yuewei Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-08-30T20:37:59Z","title":"Design and Demonstration of Ultra Wide Bandgap AlGaN Tunnel Junctions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1608.08653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:06c8e7d6e6e4cc2f064b34f2256f06243dc6a26241c3773d29ee87bef3ec6cf7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9178cf6163fb9108818ca617d44f890edb53f15332053778a024c7f4f199ed76","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-08-30T20:37:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"e0f0f0664281e1d4ba03964c1b478a9bd3027ac01fb8ebd919435cc62806acce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1608.08653","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"158e0bd7ade31f06d17af8e68af90a489eb7b81a05abe206363512072dbf5dc1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"158e0bd7ade31f06d17af8e68af90a489eb7b81a05abe206363512072dbf5dc1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36.919750Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36.919750Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rm2lkU1+URmdGuksR5y+0R2t48y+tBXabgX7lBaVdQ6DR0HEWDrtixhFJPI7vSu6QfF1/36r6tX3CQeDcbhtAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:02:36.920443Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1608.08653","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:06c8e7d6e6e4cc2f064b34f2256f06243dc6a26241c3773d29ee87bef3ec6cf7","sha256:f647fcde2b19522b8c24220e0a62f7ebc834c98c0b0312b0eef57d1959bc00b9"],"state_sha256":"96706e273ce601575766a8f22ad8061112e1bef67ba9b2b9b16573b0faecf824"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dTncH/E2WbCauKyNj73lRKfcJzNG4ewCT50eEwDszZZ40ay3Y9+aW9q5RhBcBfUfAxUOB2FVCOQLgr0yf42CBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T03:15:15.942848Z","bundle_sha256":"b212c93fb9063292ac1da020cc3e5a93118810758646195f79e5131cb19e43cc"}}