{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA","short_pith_number":"pith:CWRBM2GN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0909.3983","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-09-22T13:10:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"285286eb782abad21167269fee4c79d4487066065918a39b23d91e845706175c","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ab544b69bb1bcab594dc42d94f128170c219ecced281d709e8dbcb271a5f9f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"15a21668cd6800097285621df7c5e70823c197d4a980ae1f2cce4673c2d7593b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0909.3983","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0909.3983","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0909.3983v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0909.3983","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CWRBM2GNNAAA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CWRBM2GN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0909.3983","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-09-22T13:10:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"285286eb782abad21167269fee4c79d4487066065918a39b23d91e845706175c","abstract_canon_sha256":"1ab544b69bb1bcab594dc42d94f128170c219ecced281d709e8dbcb271a5f9f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"15a21668cd6800097285621df7c5e70823c197d4a980ae1f2cce4673c2d7593b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28.208481Z","signature_b64":"oefheEFFyeM0bS3FXfPzZ4d2Fk5aKZ41KW1oPdh2pD0zWe1OGXmfwOf8wVve52uuBi0MhQsHynsJopSti5KaBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"15a21668cd6800097285621df7c5e70823c197d4a980ae1f2cce4673c2d7593b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28.208009Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28.208009Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0909.3983","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DGnonM5XsClecoDC/RkW32gHkJ1r3i9y7Dst/RYzIz4uzRoGYEvOwd5UMjlSGGhxZtLhzireWzMqw+/TQcL4Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:00:15.883657Z"},"content_sha256":"a90e79aa3c4854b9eaa5bbecc9caa3bb67a1ef55b0e58fa2668435921bfe7171","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a90e79aa3c4854b9eaa5bbecc9caa3bb67a1ef55b0e58fa2668435921bfe7171"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Larger Estimate of the Entropy of the Universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Charles H. Lineweaver, Chas A. Egan","submitted_at":"2009-09-22T13:10:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using recent measurements of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass function, we find that SMBHs are the largest contributor to the entropy of the observable universe, contributing at least an order of magnitude more entropy than previously estimated. The total entropy of the observable universe is correspondingly higher, and is S_obs = 3.1+3.0-1.7x10^104 k. We calculate the entropy of the current cosmic event horizon to be S_CEH = 2.6+-0.3x10^122 k, dwarfing the entropy of its interior, S_CEHint = 1.2+1.1-0.7x10^103 k. We make the first tentative estimate of the entropy of weakly interacting"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0909.3983","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XI5PR+lttvDGtIXDjfCScpfSPHlWEE7wfGIQEXJccBRUm2jAeLDyqLW4A+a1ObzyEO39l3uPt1ahy+STNERVAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:00:15.884056Z"},"content_sha256":"9b471754f20f4957d87ba0ddaf65bbac38cab0a342a7becc93f115002b4e9f7d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9b471754f20f4957d87ba0ddaf65bbac38cab0a342a7becc93f115002b4e9f7d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T05:00:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UFMIO7PRPHBA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ab544b69bb1bcab594dc42d94f128170c219ecced281d709e8dbcb271a5f9f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-09-22T13:10:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"285286eb782abad21167269fee4c79d4487066065918a39b23d91e845706175c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0909.3983","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0909.3983","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0909.3983v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0909.3983","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CWRBM2GNNAAA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CWRBM2GNNAAAS4UF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CWRBM2GN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9b471754f20f4957d87ba0ddaf65bbac38cab0a342a7becc93f115002b4e9f7d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using recent measurements of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass function, we find that SMBHs are the largest contributor to the entropy of the observable universe, contributing at least an order of magnitude more entropy than previously estimated. The total entropy of the observable universe is correspondingly higher, and is S_obs = 3.1+3.0-1.7x10^104 k. We calculate the entropy of the current cosmic event horizon to be S_CEH = 2.6+-0.3x10^122 k, dwarfing the entropy of its interior, S_CEHint = 1.2+1.1-0.7x10^103 k. We make the first tentative estimate of the entropy of weakly interacting","authors_text":"Charles H. Lineweaver, Chas A. Egan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-09-22T13:10:59Z","title":"A Larger Estimate of the Entropy of the Universe"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0909.3983","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a90e79aa3c4854b9eaa5bbecc9caa3bb67a1ef55b0e58fa2668435921bfe7171","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1ab544b69bb1bcab594dc42d94f128170c219ecced281d709e8dbcb271a5f9f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-09-22T13:10:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"285286eb782abad21167269fee4c79d4487066065918a39b23d91e845706175c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0909.3983","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"15a21668cd6800097285621df7c5e70823c197d4a980ae1f2cce4673c2d7593b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"15a21668cd6800097285621df7c5e70823c197d4a980ae1f2cce4673c2d7593b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28.208009Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28.208009Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oefheEFFyeM0bS3FXfPzZ4d2Fk5aKZ41KW1oPdh2pD0zWe1OGXmfwOf8wVve52uuBi0MhQsHynsJopSti5KaBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:28.208481Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0909.3983","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a90e79aa3c4854b9eaa5bbecc9caa3bb67a1ef55b0e58fa2668435921bfe7171","sha256:9b471754f20f4957d87ba0ddaf65bbac38cab0a342a7becc93f115002b4e9f7d"],"state_sha256":"e1dd3783e2e5adfd04901ad2adcd195606452d22b209c5a2a6b3f42d32cd40ef"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"78iS9M9f8beW/wO2mR+Cq5MDrkTzAbSQq77n8M1MMmKHN98SZRSDwDrIb7/yZPx5fPh+KJfQz9mrDw1UANGtDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T05:00:15.886350Z","bundle_sha256":"d88298d235bd9ccb4d0e8451a70681909616750c3c9dc49a32c6baeb89ede64d"}}