{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:CXXTWTCZTMLECGQEI35SX5ZNBK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bbf5363238a027fa27a54660c8d906819d5c6c95d9ba7d7c790ea5c35be8ff0a","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T03:01:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"8aa71b5f48b0237282381af9e7e3bd9b058984f5e90533a88b9eda06f6c81604"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.14298","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.14298","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.14298v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.14298","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CXXTWTCZTMLE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CXXTWTCZTMLECGQE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CXXTWTCZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6a527d4ffe1da263108c2d29818114bdcfdf675c447bc8184d900a2f7afbfa93","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"When the base station is equipped with an M-element uniform linear array, the full spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain, both equal to M, can be achieved simultaneously."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The closed-form derivations and optimization rely on ideal far-field array response vectors, perfect channel state information, and static or quasi-static UAV positions during transmission, without modeling channel estimation errors, Doppler effects from UAV motion, or non-ideal propagation."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"UAV swarm mobility enables simultaneous achievement of full spatial multiplexing gain M and beamforming gain M in MU-MIMO with ULA base stations, with optimized formations delivering near-optimal sum-capacity under practical constraints."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Optimal UAV swarm placements let an M-antenna base station achieve both full spatial multiplexing gain M and full beamforming gain M at the same time."}],"snapshot_sha256":"5c94378f7e8d88b2a5ce3cf1ed97625dc956ba9c381337a44d361aaddf426a23"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"64ef672dc3f478a231f0ae34a5f181289cf2659fe8c0ea5cb11ce0424ea33c3e"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"For a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) wireless communication system, imagining that the locations of the users are now fully controllable, what is the maximum sum-capacity, and what are the corresponding optimal user locations? While these questions are irrelevant in conventional human-centric communications with random user mobility, they become critically important for emerging applications involving ground or aerial robots. This paper addresses these fundamental questions in the context of MU-MIMO communications with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm acting as the u","authors_text":"Yong Zeng","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"Optimal UAV swarm placements let an M-antenna base station achieve both full spatial multiplexing gain M and full beamforming gain M at the same time.","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T03:01:28Z","title":"Capacity Characterization and Formation Optimization for Multi-User MIMO Communications with UAV Swarm"},"references":{"count":32,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":32,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"From single user to multiuser communications: Shifting the MIMO paradigm,","work_id":"5598cf1b-f7c8-480f-a5ad-3f53fe75346c","year":2007},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Noncooperative cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of base station antennas,","work_id":"e9ffb6ce-d64c-41da-938f-4a7b9643eae9","year":2010},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"Energy and sp ectral efﬁciency of very large multiuser MIMO systems,","work_id":"232c1011-5c9a-4684-821b-961ccf8a8904","year":2013},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"On limits of wireless commu nications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas,","work_id":"572a7a8e-2716-4077-b318-4ccfc561a167","year":1998},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channe ls,","work_id":"858be076-efee-4811-90ca-64a393105fb6","year":1999}],"snapshot_sha256":"39f1dc73b10de3df5433c1b7e3142362dd285a526365e6479926c8d1659610b6"},"source":{"id":"2605.14298","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-15T02:07:53.014463Z","id":"6cfca6e1-39f6-4242-a9a6-06d9ad9c82d4","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"UAV swarm mobility enables simultaneous achievement of full spatial multiplexing gain M and beamforming gain M in MU-MIMO with ULA base stations, with optimized formations delivering near-optimal sum-capacity under practical constraints.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Optimal UAV swarm placements let an M-antenna base station achieve both full spatial multiplexing gain M and full beamforming gain M at the same time.","strongest_claim":"When the base station is equipped with an M-element uniform linear array, the full spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain, both equal to M, can be achieved simultaneously.","weakest_assumption":"The closed-form derivations and optimization rely on ideal far-field array response vectors, perfect channel state information, and static or quasi-static UAV positions during transmission, without modeling channel estimation errors, Doppler effects from UAV motion, or non-ideal propagation."}},"verdict_id":"6cfca6e1-39f6-4242-a9a6-06d9ad9c82d4"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c347df95fb9d3af414130a146ad83bcee97ba18ea2e05aed7f2e5c352952f276","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bbf5363238a027fa27a54660c8d906819d5c6c95d9ba7d7c790ea5c35be8ff0a","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T03:01:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"8aa71b5f48b0237282381af9e7e3bd9b058984f5e90533a88b9eda06f6c81604"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.14298","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"15ef3b4c599b16411a0446fb2bf72d0aaf40edf517fc4ebd4ea197b8f7332b64","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"15ef3b4c599b16411a0446fb2bf72d0aaf40edf517fc4ebd4ea197b8f7332b64","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.121166Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.121166Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uYrnYpB16aX5zZEr9cNK+J5pj0YTcI84uoSf9TlkjJcqFOyuLwSNmzTqoCPj/aM14t9fTNf4hi8ffusTQu1cCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.121878Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.14298","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c347df95fb9d3af414130a146ad83bcee97ba18ea2e05aed7f2e5c352952f276","sha256:6a527d4ffe1da263108c2d29818114bdcfdf675c447bc8184d900a2f7afbfa93"],"state_sha256":"68d1b5fefc5653d2e59e63b43c5db85df202dff6c8d4dffa9c36e3808c592ef3"}