{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK","short_pith_number":"pith:CYYS5N4H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.06030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-04-17T03:28:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8edaf35b95a1c747ba6535b5062d9641fb4dff50f7e0cd7b0d739784f27467bf","abstract_canon_sha256":"95841f281d8162e7b79ea1cde6dfa31f71c989e67f3caf010427b300e0349d1e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"16312eb7875af48f474746b768b39c0ab1fa00bd1ab1b10bfc309a7a5c3df9f8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.06030","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.06030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.06030v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.06030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CYYS5N4HLL2I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CYYS5N4H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.06030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-04-17T03:28:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8edaf35b95a1c747ba6535b5062d9641fb4dff50f7e0cd7b0d739784f27467bf","abstract_canon_sha256":"95841f281d8162e7b79ea1cde6dfa31f71c989e67f3caf010427b300e0349d1e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"16312eb7875af48f474746b768b39c0ab1fa00bd1ab1b10bfc309a7a5c3df9f8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40.597499Z","signature_b64":"kBmp456QXViKMyp+H0NqLNAWyE5S5R28cczkkLEV4Vd4RPahin+bXYYyuGImHMyX1a8bNND49arsOD9s0elTDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"16312eb7875af48f474746b768b39c0ab1fa00bd1ab1b10bfc309a7a5c3df9f8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40.596843Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40.596843Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.06030","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8MF55Iq8RlpkLnj04BxsDC2uHUWxFSiOIYit0GrbxLdbdIZWMi/HG6fqpKM2BfzYOyu08i9Ak9HDwlfFCv3XDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:08:42.892867Z"},"content_sha256":"40c5454e8592f88ea886c6249d20507ac8c3fce25e8363f15a4b4f04fc577a52","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:40c5454e8592f88ea886c6249d20507ac8c3fce25e8363f15a4b4f04fc577a52"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Synchrotron self-absorption in GRB afterglows: the effects of a thermal electron population","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Donald C. Warren, Hirotaka Ito, Maxim V. Barkov, Shigehiro Nagataki, Tanmoy Laskar","submitted_at":"2018-04-17T03:28:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the standard synchrotron afterglow model, a power law of electrons is responsible for all aspects of photon production and absorption. Recent numerical work has shown that the vast majority of particles in the downstream medium are actually \"thermal\" particles, which were shock-heated but did not enter the Fermi acceleration process (the name stands in contrast to the nonthermal high-energy tail, rather than connoting a Maxwellian distribution). There are substantial differences at optical and higher energies when these thermal electrons participate in the afterglow, but early work along th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.06030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A4mqPqCdaHXWgK9E3B4gjObacQLvTG7LR506//xpoX3Zi6D48Ypu23iRJgq5kQUSCvyODT03QdOIO4kaRRUEAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:08:42.893545Z"},"content_sha256":"ec30d152bb2ba0c0ddad6d5bc5590928e64c6654bc03622b3707e28c6cccab2f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ec30d152bb2ba0c0ddad6d5bc5590928e64c6654bc03622b3707e28c6cccab2f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T00:08:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2HI23WRM44BK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"95841f281d8162e7b79ea1cde6dfa31f71c989e67f3caf010427b300e0349d1e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-04-17T03:28:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"8edaf35b95a1c747ba6535b5062d9641fb4dff50f7e0cd7b0d739784f27467bf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.06030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.06030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.06030v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.06030","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CYYS5N4HLL2I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CYYS5N4HLL2I6R2H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CYYS5N4H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ec30d152bb2ba0c0ddad6d5bc5590928e64c6654bc03622b3707e28c6cccab2f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the standard synchrotron afterglow model, a power law of electrons is responsible for all aspects of photon production and absorption. Recent numerical work has shown that the vast majority of particles in the downstream medium are actually \"thermal\" particles, which were shock-heated but did not enter the Fermi acceleration process (the name stands in contrast to the nonthermal high-energy tail, rather than connoting a Maxwellian distribution). There are substantial differences at optical and higher energies when these thermal electrons participate in the afterglow, but early work along th","authors_text":"Donald C. Warren, Hirotaka Ito, Maxim V. Barkov, Shigehiro Nagataki, Tanmoy Laskar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-04-17T03:28:39Z","title":"Synchrotron self-absorption in GRB afterglows: the effects of a thermal electron population"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.06030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:40c5454e8592f88ea886c6249d20507ac8c3fce25e8363f15a4b4f04fc577a52","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"95841f281d8162e7b79ea1cde6dfa31f71c989e67f3caf010427b300e0349d1e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-04-17T03:28:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"8edaf35b95a1c747ba6535b5062d9641fb4dff50f7e0cd7b0d739784f27467bf"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.06030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"16312eb7875af48f474746b768b39c0ab1fa00bd1ab1b10bfc309a7a5c3df9f8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"16312eb7875af48f474746b768b39c0ab1fa00bd1ab1b10bfc309a7a5c3df9f8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40.596843Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40.596843Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kBmp456QXViKMyp+H0NqLNAWyE5S5R28cczkkLEV4Vd4RPahin+bXYYyuGImHMyX1a8bNND49arsOD9s0elTDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:07:40.597499Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.06030","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:40c5454e8592f88ea886c6249d20507ac8c3fce25e8363f15a4b4f04fc577a52","sha256:ec30d152bb2ba0c0ddad6d5bc5590928e64c6654bc03622b3707e28c6cccab2f"],"state_sha256":"ce18db836db85dd2a6d2248d773954bcf96784fd23e776ae5b9e59269c54b462"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mBcqNzhYYR04ooXZMfBlJvEtbySswTOS6CE4TThCtEM+tu5ZET+mdHuV8S+bkdmOyJTeGX7qRKdAFgivCUi6AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T00:08:42.896838Z","bundle_sha256":"94b5652bb37d598a35cb6d6bb6d215e19ab04fd936746a67cfc467f924f72019"}}