{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:CYZTKIFB4IPK5QVXTBCKMQBM24","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b85d88dead04926d76435c176e4510789678a2c568bed31f79b827309a02ff77","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T04:58:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"13dc5c066ea5e785b305d9a8bacee9a035cb05796e35ebbc7e528babe45d3299"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.02414","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.02414","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.02414v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.02414","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CYZTKIFB4IPK","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CYZTKIFB4IPK5QVX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CYZTKIFB","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4bf1c183f283707cc55d41085c16bdb2b96af26e3a7c06edc335849b25117833","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1906.02414/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In order to clarify effects of the finite distance from a lens object to a light source and a receiver, the gravitational deflection of light has been recently reexamined by using the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) theorem in differential geometry [Ishihara et al. 2016]. The purpose of the present paper is to give a short review of a series of works initiated by the above paper. First, we provide the definition of the gravitational deflection angle of light for the finite-distance source and receiver in a static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat spacetime. We discuss the geometrical invariance","authors_text":"Hideki Asada, Toshiaki Ono","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T04:58:04Z","title":"The effects of finite distance on the gravitational deflection angle of light"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.02414","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:346df33adb7ef93a966ad8aeeb59362fb12491c8a65b4c87ebb7377c720228d2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b85d88dead04926d76435c176e4510789678a2c568bed31f79b827309a02ff77","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-06-06T04:58:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"13dc5c066ea5e785b305d9a8bacee9a035cb05796e35ebbc7e528babe45d3299"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.02414","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"16333520a1e21eaec2b79844a6402cd731393cb8db7dc8c43e8c8f752a44ed4d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"16333520a1e21eaec2b79844a6402cd731393cb8db7dc8c43e8c8f752a44ed4d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27.254390Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27.254390Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rGmptHEIz/IaYmyfCohNrvcFM+TKMowpr41TKwx+Ml/O5tJt9LF0GyUOT4nuA5hPqk4AxLDBZR9fP4tLWT7YDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:17:27.254871Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.02414","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:346df33adb7ef93a966ad8aeeb59362fb12491c8a65b4c87ebb7377c720228d2","sha256:4bf1c183f283707cc55d41085c16bdb2b96af26e3a7c06edc335849b25117833"],"state_sha256":"bdb87a9025edebbc9477d31070237f8d745f98dc44234825896ff1c5b09a48ae"}