{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI","short_pith_number":"pith:CZZMJYAY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"1672c4e018f9da18e4153a958f8cff22138c102d762686c30a7e380fa4554a24","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.13519","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"A growth model for water distribution networks with loops","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Kashin Sugishita, Naoki Masuda, Noha Abdel-Mottaleb, Qiong Zhang","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T09:23:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Water distribution networks (WDNs) expand their service areas over time. These growth dynamics are poorly understood. One facet of WDNs is that they have loops in general, and closing loops may be a functionally important process for enhancing their robustness and efficiency. We propose a growth model for WDNs that generates networks with loops and is applicable to networks with multiple water sources. We apply the proposed model to four empirical WDNs to show that it produces networks whose structure is similar to that of the empirical WDNs. The comparison between the empirical and modelled W"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.13519","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T09:23:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9c983ea3327138648fac295e3ff722feb4de8889fc53b3b41bc4132ce4433ceb","abstract_canon_sha256":"2c346c17f664e97bf589ea78ad481a2ed68b6a675f3b2571a630dd41249031fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894407Z","signature_b64":"I5W6rpwf8OXBqbCinolY7ezuonHWSP7FyhAJzR54uElEvMWi44daFPWpxrUAo0M/GfCmdg/d85+xMtwK6UVIBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1672c4e018f9da18e4153a958f8cff22138c102d762686c30a7e380fa4554a24","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.893985Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.893985Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A growth model for water distribution networks with loops","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Kashin Sugishita, Naoki Masuda, Noha Abdel-Mottaleb, Qiong Zhang","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T09:23:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Water distribution networks (WDNs) expand their service areas over time. These growth dynamics are poorly understood. One facet of WDNs is that they have loops in general, and closing loops may be a functionally important process for enhancing their robustness and efficiency. We propose a growth model for WDNs that generates networks with loops and is applicable to networks with multiple water sources. We apply the proposed model to four empirical WDNs to show that it produces networks whose structure is similar to that of the empirical WDNs. The comparison between the empirical and modelled W"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.13519","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.13519/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.13519","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.13519v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.13519","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CZZMJYAY7HNB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAV","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CZZMJYAY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI","json":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CZZMJYAY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/CZZMJYAY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2106.13519&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/CZZMJYAY7HNBRZAVHKKY7DH7EI/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T03:35:49.894036+00:00"}