{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2","short_pith_number":"pith:D2KMV4MO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.11030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T03:18:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"691c6b9300a7687bf74aa7d7423d20bd707a21816f6168db2c97e5b630401eb3","abstract_canon_sha256":"b30bca663cd0bb692d17e926f38891e685e4a89803265381f00baabb1515114f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1e94caf18e71731035493c1f60fc2966b85f2eced0b7ea72f1f926831b8487b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.11030","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.11030","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.11030v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.11030","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D2KMV4MOOFZR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D2KMV4MO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.11030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T03:18:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"691c6b9300a7687bf74aa7d7423d20bd707a21816f6168db2c97e5b630401eb3","abstract_canon_sha256":"b30bca663cd0bb692d17e926f38891e685e4a89803265381f00baabb1515114f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1e94caf18e71731035493c1f60fc2966b85f2eced0b7ea72f1f926831b8487b0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55.705056Z","signature_b64":"3epJfmzPDoinUxGN6nwMzVf+k9envCUR93kyhORfukbPIe7ZlIRy5IvcDEevoLAyJinFL50MEgR85D15peOAAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1e94caf18e71731035493c1f60fc2966b85f2eced0b7ea72f1f926831b8487b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55.704556Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55.704556Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.11030","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oXobEzXFO2Zatbz8+buuqD15j63v4x05jI2K+1Vk/jR7YYakF10+uJ+W0JdUvY8AJ9SplVNuH7LgLapWMcu4AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T15:58:32.171505Z"},"content_sha256":"ba47d59f50b98972f49c9467228c484d34a3574defa729f4b19d3553c05c6f9c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba47d59f50b98972f49c9467228c484d34a3574defa729f4b19d3553c05c6f9c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards Ethical Content-Based Detection of Online Influence Campaigns","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Evan Crothers, Herna Viktor, Nathalie Japkowicz","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T03:18:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"The detection of clandestine efforts to influence users in online communities is a challenging problem with significant active development. We demonstrate that features derived from the text of user comments are useful for identifying suspect activity, but lead to increased erroneous identifications when keywords over-represented in past influence campaigns are present. Drawing on research in native language identification (NLI), we use \"named entity masking\" (NEM) to create sentence features robust to this shortcoming, while maintaining comparable classification accuracy. We demonstrate that "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.11030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.11030/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"29Cuxl1xC8o1sZd3fwFgo5kz0qag/61mwL4wqt5NXPrKi31i+NRuJGGJjm++SyCdEWtwTy6mn5/KATQlWHXMBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T15:58:32.172149Z"},"content_sha256":"19114bc639ea5771bf226962a97ee52171a4f9215c96e56645c43e129efddcf9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:19114bc639ea5771bf226962a97ee52171a4f9215c96e56645c43e129efddcf9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T15:58:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJHQPWB7BJM2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b30bca663cd0bb692d17e926f38891e685e4a89803265381f00baabb1515114f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T03:18:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"691c6b9300a7687bf74aa7d7423d20bd707a21816f6168db2c97e5b630401eb3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.11030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.11030","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.11030v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.11030","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D2KMV4MOOFZR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D2KMV4MOOFZRANKJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D2KMV4MO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:19114bc639ea5771bf226962a97ee52171a4f9215c96e56645c43e129efddcf9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.11030/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The detection of clandestine efforts to influence users in online communities is a challenging problem with significant active development. We demonstrate that features derived from the text of user comments are useful for identifying suspect activity, but lead to increased erroneous identifications when keywords over-represented in past influence campaigns are present. Drawing on research in native language identification (NLI), we use \"named entity masking\" (NEM) to create sentence features robust to this shortcoming, while maintaining comparable classification accuracy. We demonstrate that ","authors_text":"Evan Crothers, Herna Viktor, Nathalie Japkowicz","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T03:18:21Z","title":"Towards Ethical Content-Based Detection of Online Influence Campaigns"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.11030","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ba47d59f50b98972f49c9467228c484d34a3574defa729f4b19d3553c05c6f9c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b30bca663cd0bb692d17e926f38891e685e4a89803265381f00baabb1515114f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-08-29T03:18:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"691c6b9300a7687bf74aa7d7423d20bd707a21816f6168db2c97e5b630401eb3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.11030","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1e94caf18e71731035493c1f60fc2966b85f2eced0b7ea72f1f926831b8487b0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1e94caf18e71731035493c1f60fc2966b85f2eced0b7ea72f1f926831b8487b0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55.704556Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55.704556Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3epJfmzPDoinUxGN6nwMzVf+k9envCUR93kyhORfukbPIe7ZlIRy5IvcDEevoLAyJinFL50MEgR85D15peOAAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:55.705056Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.11030","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ba47d59f50b98972f49c9467228c484d34a3574defa729f4b19d3553c05c6f9c","sha256:19114bc639ea5771bf226962a97ee52171a4f9215c96e56645c43e129efddcf9"],"state_sha256":"d1da080db8bdf164c7fe15934ee6aed85ab0447007091d0b921ba26153245cd2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OdbpFNuwtObNg9cBHjVDTBVNMkUB6EnVf8NadRCaPvQjhOQqJlVqsraxYXK+L/Q/paYSuZfQXYK41Jad4CrSAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T15:58:32.175133Z","bundle_sha256":"4873fdaa251a0728d08e205b5c253e38ee0b0c90ccec81b10b871614584dd9b6"}}