{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS","short_pith_number":"pith:D2Q7QS6L","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.26521","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T06:41:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0f2a0d8e0209358527e6fe5e365ee5c4ebb2cb4e458e5cc63808cebd87e38648","abstract_canon_sha256":"47a256070f36da13fd79aaab82322f61450d93d6816f414ca03c4a837104570d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1ea1f84bcbeb3575f0892ecee0c686c4964625eed3704c60c4da41664bf17fa6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.26521","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.26521","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.26521v1","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.26521","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D2Q7QS6L5M2X","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJ","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D2Q7QS6L","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.26521","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T06:41:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0f2a0d8e0209358527e6fe5e365ee5c4ebb2cb4e458e5cc63808cebd87e38648","abstract_canon_sha256":"47a256070f36da13fd79aaab82322f61450d93d6816f414ca03c4a837104570d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1ea1f84bcbeb3575f0892ecee0c686c4964625eed3704c60c4da41664bf17fa6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1ea1f84bcbeb3575f0892ecee0c686c4964625eed3704c60c4da41664bf17fa6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46.485186Z","signature_status":"unsigned_v0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46.485186Z"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2607.26521","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o1hp+XTgJBf+buYDDogknO/8M/S/nYLmIPoxwtR927qbPrmpaxV7018SKBk9JSwHNa7spih5dvA9xhKsxnThAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T21:30:49.112494Z"},"content_sha256":"882d02d741e8627e23d3918a0b41ed6dfe31cba1b3febfa8d8637b3331443325","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:882d02d741e8627e23d3918a0b41ed6dfe31cba1b3febfa8d8637b3331443325"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"From Unsupervised Subgroups to Hypothetical State-Intervention Policies: An Evaluation of Selected Subgrouping Methods in Observational Health Data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Bulent Yener, Vasundhara Acharya","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T06:41:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Conventional subgroup analyses can yield unstable and difficult-to-interpret conclusions, especially in observational biomedical data where each individual is observed under only one exposure state, true individual treatment effects are unavailable, and causal structure is uncertain. We investigate whether subgroups constructed from pretreatment characteristics, without using exposure, outcome, or estimated treatment-effect information, can serve as interpretable units for budget-constrained policy prioritization. We propose a framework combining causal-discovery-informed covariate selection, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.26521","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.26521/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pUXckDyOjktJ8tmhC92qXD1+t929qg2lSOoCSkk5oEWAzmkVEJwm4BgylDqo8pHufX/F3pWsFHKHdF4PPa0wCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T21:30:49.113080Z"},"content_sha256":"48f2387f8907f69926cdad09256f66618d89ead4e6e3e230a12f101dfbdca90e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:48f2387f8907f69926cdad09256f66618d89ead4e6e3e230a12f101dfbdca90e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T21:30:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJF3HOBRUGYS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47a256070f36da13fd79aaab82322f61450d93d6816f414ca03c4a837104570d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T06:41:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"0f2a0d8e0209358527e6fe5e365ee5c4ebb2cb4e458e5cc63808cebd87e38648"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.26521","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.26521","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.26521v1","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.26521","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D2Q7QS6L5M2X","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D2Q7QS6L5M2XL4EJ","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D2Q7QS6L","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:48f2387f8907f69926cdad09256f66618d89ead4e6e3e230a12f101dfbdca90e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2607.26521/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Conventional subgroup analyses can yield unstable and difficult-to-interpret conclusions, especially in observational biomedical data where each individual is observed under only one exposure state, true individual treatment effects are unavailable, and causal structure is uncertain. We investigate whether subgroups constructed from pretreatment characteristics, without using exposure, outcome, or estimated treatment-effect information, can serve as interpretable units for budget-constrained policy prioritization. We propose a framework combining causal-discovery-informed covariate selection, ","authors_text":"Bulent Yener, Vasundhara Acharya","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T06:41:56Z","title":"From Unsupervised Subgroups to Hypothetical State-Intervention Policies: An Evaluation of Selected Subgrouping Methods in Observational Health Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.26521","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:882d02d741e8627e23d3918a0b41ed6dfe31cba1b3febfa8d8637b3331443325","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"47a256070f36da13fd79aaab82322f61450d93d6816f414ca03c4a837104570d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T06:41:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"0f2a0d8e0209358527e6fe5e365ee5c4ebb2cb4e458e5cc63808cebd87e38648"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.26521","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1ea1f84bcbeb3575f0892ecee0c686c4964625eed3704c60c4da41664bf17fa6","receipt":{"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1ea1f84bcbeb3575f0892ecee0c686c4964625eed3704c60c4da41664bf17fa6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46.485186Z","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-30T01:20:46.485186Z","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_status":"unsigned_v0"},"source_id":"2607.26521","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:882d02d741e8627e23d3918a0b41ed6dfe31cba1b3febfa8d8637b3331443325","sha256:48f2387f8907f69926cdad09256f66618d89ead4e6e3e230a12f101dfbdca90e"],"state_sha256":"bcf0486c9a6bc6ec54ea0826a473823215f7f7f44b50bc4cb4f9b5936427dda0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/ZxkthnSi3rJJdJ/+IbRKKJnRYcuoIxhbIkc9xxUDI06l52MrJcH7Ca5Tt6YZSaskA4Ly5I7/BHT5oW0lMDHBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T21:30:49.118453Z","bundle_sha256":"e5d12b41bbe80974f261a38eb6e8e39e178b5504d77f29792a008f24544f7bc0"}}