{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK","short_pith_number":"pith:D3JHXPTA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"1ed27bbe60efddfb9dbd2fbb0b8fabb2aa4837fae804d4ea11514654c56ed0a2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1510.06930","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Degenerate higher derivative theories beyond Horndeski: evading the Ostrogradski instability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"David Langlois, Karim Noui","submitted_at":"2015-10-23T13:29:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Theories with higher order time derivatives generically suffer from ghost-like instabilities, known as Ostrogradski instabilities. This fate can be avoided by considering \"degenerate\" Lagrangians, whose kinetic matrix cannot be inverted, thus leading to constraints between canonical variables and a reduced number of physical degrees of freedom. In this work, we derive in a systematic way the degeneracy conditions for scalar-tensor theories that depend quadratically on second order derivatives of a scalar field. We thus obtain a classification of all degenerate theories within this class of sca"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.06930","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-10-23T13:29:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"d403e18ebdf2acb512812916698adc6ee483d9354e21bcb7e2560f31815139e1","abstract_canon_sha256":"04217c21c25e0cb8da28e93c3224ed4f44226b4599a66637c42719679ca58364"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445770Z","signature_b64":"ziyS4dogTtr0ZtDwBGq46/zUlnhjXaOh2qBTS5rLE6zlFAYtzzHDV1EEUF1g8Wc+luT869a5lR9hDZ2qfPcyCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1ed27bbe60efddfb9dbd2fbb0b8fabb2aa4837fae804d4ea11514654c56ed0a2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445218Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445218Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Degenerate higher derivative theories beyond Horndeski: evading the Ostrogradski instability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"David Langlois, Karim Noui","submitted_at":"2015-10-23T13:29:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Theories with higher order time derivatives generically suffer from ghost-like instabilities, known as Ostrogradski instabilities. This fate can be avoided by considering \"degenerate\" Lagrangians, whose kinetic matrix cannot be inverted, thus leading to constraints between canonical variables and a reduced number of physical degrees of freedom. In this work, we derive in a systematic way the degeneracy conditions for scalar-tensor theories that depend quadratically on second order derivatives of a scalar field. We thus obtain a classification of all degenerate theories within this class of sca"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.06930","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.06930","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445308+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.06930v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445308+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.06930","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445308+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D3JHXPTA57O7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17.054201+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17.054201+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D3JHXPTA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17.054201+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":14,"internal_anchor_count":8,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"1906.09299","citing_title":"Noncanonical Approaches To Inflation","ref_index":114,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2503.05651","citing_title":"Inverting no-hair theorems: How requiring General Relativity solutions restricts scalar-tensor theories","ref_index":2,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.19154","citing_title":"Dynamical system analysis of the cosmological phases in Palatini $k$-essence gravity","ref_index":53,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2512.08972","citing_title":"Degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories in metric-affine gravity","ref_index":34,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2512.03314","citing_title":"EFT of Dark Energy with Cosmic Chronometers: Reconstructing Background EFT Functions","ref_index":12,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2602.02272","citing_title":"Radial Oscillations of Neutron Stars with Vector-Induced Scalar Hair","ref_index":3,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.13937","citing_title":"Spherical collapse and cluster number counts in DHOST theories that pass the constraints from gravitational waves","ref_index":3,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.12606","citing_title":"Radio sirens: inferring $H_0$ with binary black holes and neutral hydrogen in the era of the Einstein Telescope and the SKA Observatory","ref_index":92,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.25635","citing_title":"Numerical Investigations of Stable Dynamics in the Presence of Ghosts","ref_index":25,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.27568","citing_title":"Gravitational wave constraints on the Paneitz operator","ref_index":46,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.25635","citing_title":"Numerical Investigations of Stable Dynamics in the Presence of Ghosts","ref_index":25,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.00580","citing_title":"Scalar emission from binary neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories with kinetic screening","ref_index":11,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.09170","citing_title":"Covariant scalar-tensor theories beyond second derivatives","ref_index":19,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.04154","citing_title":"A Master Equation for Screening in Luminal Horndeski Gravity","ref_index":63,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/D3JHXPTA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/D3JHXPTA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1510.06930&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/D3JHXPTA57O7XHN5F65QXD5LWK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445308+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:38.445308+00:00"}