{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX","short_pith_number":"pith:D3S34AUF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1911.04772","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-11-12T10:22:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4c39482bcaf9314a3f2e0fa64fc64f3a8f7689a1a74f49ae2557f865e7c4f096","abstract_canon_sha256":"48291cdb0ef1fb1b0eab96c4d82dface4840c9f7ff4be9d57d8a4761ee21c22d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1ee5be02854d4ee9d6f48705036fd02dd6b5721b61a20d84ee93c08de02efe86","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1911.04772","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1911.04772","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1911.04772v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1911.04772","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D3S34AUFJVHO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D3S34AUFJVHOTVXU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D3S34AUF","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1911.04772","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-11-12T10:22:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"4c39482bcaf9314a3f2e0fa64fc64f3a8f7689a1a74f49ae2557f865e7c4f096","abstract_canon_sha256":"48291cdb0ef1fb1b0eab96c4d82dface4840c9f7ff4be9d57d8a4761ee21c22d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1ee5be02854d4ee9d6f48705036fd02dd6b5721b61a20d84ee93c08de02efe86","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20.841678Z","signature_b64":"HzxWjrg4TmnRiocuIc4LFXyVpllhEMiS8UvSrpVCB4rPpzQeywScRlOOLdaJA6vEaAtQBZhLEbcl0IKCqphLBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1ee5be02854d4ee9d6f48705036fd02dd6b5721b61a20d84ee93c08de02efe86","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20.841191Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20.841191Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1911.04772","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qvsWQSuqqn5OjnUTvwn0JapF6e/VwkFHC+KR53Q8+DZCI2WyXv/43vfPt51BU9ciMeJntAweilcSV5XJyr9wAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T00:29:02.635065Z"},"content_sha256":"5c06e81ac3972daa4e3abe241689727bb723219180231db0a5451b066f7730ab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5c06e81ac3972daa4e3abe241689727bb723219180231db0a5451b066f7730ab"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Emergence of time","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Barbara Drossel, George F R Ellis","submitted_at":"2019-11-12T10:22:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"Microphysical laws are time reversible, but macrophysics, chemistry and biology are not. This chapter explores how this asymmetry (a classic example of a broken symmetry) arises due to the cosmological context, where a non-local Direction of Time is imposed by the expansion of the universe. This situation is best represented by an Evolving Block Universe, where local arrows of time (thermodynamic, electrodynamic, gravitational, wave, quantum, biological) emerge in concordance with the Direction of Time because a global Past Condition results in the Second Law of Thermodynamics pointing to the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1911.04772","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1911.04772/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ht7cdYePiZQI/Od+x90l+QuqXVTBvElYpLduDJ/7edIdlzNuRM2L97pnQoO1PsCNM4adscJHxgDBvy/SuF9kAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T00:29:02.635594Z"},"content_sha256":"d9ba8fc8d6e6ae6e9500f9f53fd073905719dc3dbe9c1072ba15ff8d50006f11","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d9ba8fc8d6e6ae6e9500f9f53fd073905719dc3dbe9c1072ba15ff8d50006f11"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T00:29:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:D3S34AUFJVHOTVXUQ4CQG36QFX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48291cdb0ef1fb1b0eab96c4d82dface4840c9f7ff4be9d57d8a4761ee21c22d","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-11-12T10:22:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"4c39482bcaf9314a3f2e0fa64fc64f3a8f7689a1a74f49ae2557f865e7c4f096"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1911.04772","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1911.04772","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1911.04772v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1911.04772","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D3S34AUFJVHO","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D3S34AUFJVHOTVXU","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D3S34AUF","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d9ba8fc8d6e6ae6e9500f9f53fd073905719dc3dbe9c1072ba15ff8d50006f11","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1911.04772/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Microphysical laws are time reversible, but macrophysics, chemistry and biology are not. This chapter explores how this asymmetry (a classic example of a broken symmetry) arises due to the cosmological context, where a non-local Direction of Time is imposed by the expansion of the universe. This situation is best represented by an Evolving Block Universe, where local arrows of time (thermodynamic, electrodynamic, gravitational, wave, quantum, biological) emerge in concordance with the Direction of Time because a global Past Condition results in the Second Law of Thermodynamics pointing to the ","authors_text":"Barbara Drossel, George F R Ellis","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-11-12T10:22:56Z","title":"Emergence of time"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1911.04772","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5c06e81ac3972daa4e3abe241689727bb723219180231db0a5451b066f7730ab","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48291cdb0ef1fb1b0eab96c4d82dface4840c9f7ff4be9d57d8a4761ee21c22d","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-11-12T10:22:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"4c39482bcaf9314a3f2e0fa64fc64f3a8f7689a1a74f49ae2557f865e7c4f096"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1911.04772","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"1ee5be02854d4ee9d6f48705036fd02dd6b5721b61a20d84ee93c08de02efe86","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1ee5be02854d4ee9d6f48705036fd02dd6b5721b61a20d84ee93c08de02efe86","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20.841191Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20.841191Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HzxWjrg4TmnRiocuIc4LFXyVpllhEMiS8UvSrpVCB4rPpzQeywScRlOOLdaJA6vEaAtQBZhLEbcl0IKCqphLBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:48:20.841678Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1911.04772","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5c06e81ac3972daa4e3abe241689727bb723219180231db0a5451b066f7730ab","sha256:d9ba8fc8d6e6ae6e9500f9f53fd073905719dc3dbe9c1072ba15ff8d50006f11"],"state_sha256":"a6ac56899187651a93da35a8f826789fb21ccb18ab73814e02fd88f99ec81c99"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oyfw8GnYEc2xNBZ68Y0rb7YhdMvO7jWM7/7OBD3UkfhNTtY14T3uqAnYdcVlwlUZ0J/Q413cGHS3DC8dHcIwCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T00:29:02.640702Z","bundle_sha256":"6389c07d3caa56941d1c069dd572d37ac32d10a557536c6938988264e8c8850c"}}