{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T","short_pith_number":"pith:D63N7L2S","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.07753","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-08-11T08:34:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b64d4c1fdad3761951e158332dfb2e9c79cd2911595cac1ec98c2cffafb50f29","abstract_canon_sha256":"b3e29bc4ce229368092b04cadb468bc356f3161368535d1441d117f1cba1fea8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1fb6dfaf52ad7f2fc453d1d5ccd3a4d4d0c8a4484538e9481174ccb1c65c6096","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.07753","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.07753","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.07753v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.07753","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D63N7L2SVV7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D63N7L2S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.07753","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-08-11T08:34:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b64d4c1fdad3761951e158332dfb2e9c79cd2911595cac1ec98c2cffafb50f29","abstract_canon_sha256":"b3e29bc4ce229368092b04cadb468bc356f3161368535d1441d117f1cba1fea8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1fb6dfaf52ad7f2fc453d1d5ccd3a4d4d0c8a4484538e9481174ccb1c65c6096","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51.653448Z","signature_b64":"xNNrLmYilclmssUkbbqdQYMXKTtsgnsDXuJ73ip7fWCecOhlvcY2dvG8v2MdZSmsCBh2wd6OFc2wQF3UwwfkAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1fb6dfaf52ad7f2fc453d1d5ccd3a4d4d0c8a4484538e9481174ccb1c65c6096","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51.653001Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51.653001Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.07753","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1SgJLfYF/TyEyiaODge/T+R8VbJPmmfK0aKOqIufssrBl340M/5CRHZ/kLUTm2lLtNWlOO/priZpxP7Enw+pBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:58:25.758949Z"},"content_sha256":"ef7cef6ab138b2dbc9beedfa74721ba0a139a0ad268d10fad9c6b2dffe92321c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef7cef6ab138b2dbc9beedfa74721ba0a139a0ad268d10fad9c6b2dffe92321c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Exploring Causal Effect of Social Bias on Faithfulness Hallucinations in Large Language Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Huixuan Zhang, Junzhe Zhang, Xiaojun Wan, Xinyu Hu, Zhenliang Zhang","submitted_at":"2025-08-11T08:34:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to faithfulness hallucinations, where the output does not align with the input. In this study, we investigate whether social bias contributes to these hallucinations, a causal relationship that has not been explored. A key challenge is controlling confounders within the context, which complicates the isolation of causality between bias states and hallucinations. To address this, we utilize the Structural Causal Model (SCM) to establish and validate the causality and design bias interventi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.07753","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.07753/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tOSHJdvU1yLgJ5q+jfp6tcI/yacJHDKrje5YfA4yoO31UGhL8BqGaJBoA4VIRwf9cvwRC1LL3pQtGvOy5ylJDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:58:25.759510Z"},"content_sha256":"3fc850ed5a3725f31be09a5163494aab3de7f8ec0b2366ba69074ef569b68f0a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3fc850ed5a3725f31be09a5163494aab3de7f8ec0b2366ba69074ef569b68f0a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T12:58:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT2HK4ZU5E2T","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b3e29bc4ce229368092b04cadb468bc356f3161368535d1441d117f1cba1fea8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-08-11T08:34:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"b64d4c1fdad3761951e158332dfb2e9c79cd2911595cac1ec98c2cffafb50f29"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.07753","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.07753","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.07753v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.07753","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"D63N7L2SVV7S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"D63N7L2SVV7S7RCT","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"D63N7L2S","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3fc850ed5a3725f31be09a5163494aab3de7f8ec0b2366ba69074ef569b68f0a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.07753/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to faithfulness hallucinations, where the output does not align with the input. In this study, we investigate whether social bias contributes to these hallucinations, a causal relationship that has not been explored. A key challenge is controlling confounders within the context, which complicates the isolation of causality between bias states and hallucinations. To address this, we utilize the Structural Causal Model (SCM) to establish and validate the causality and design bias interventi","authors_text":"Huixuan Zhang, Junzhe Zhang, Xiaojun Wan, Xinyu Hu, Zhenliang Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-08-11T08:34:28Z","title":"Exploring Causal Effect of Social Bias on Faithfulness Hallucinations in Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.07753","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ef7cef6ab138b2dbc9beedfa74721ba0a139a0ad268d10fad9c6b2dffe92321c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b3e29bc4ce229368092b04cadb468bc356f3161368535d1441d117f1cba1fea8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-08-11T08:34:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"b64d4c1fdad3761951e158332dfb2e9c79cd2911595cac1ec98c2cffafb50f29"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.07753","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1fb6dfaf52ad7f2fc453d1d5ccd3a4d4d0c8a4484538e9481174ccb1c65c6096","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1fb6dfaf52ad7f2fc453d1d5ccd3a4d4d0c8a4484538e9481174ccb1c65c6096","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51.653001Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51.653001Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xNNrLmYilclmssUkbbqdQYMXKTtsgnsDXuJ73ip7fWCecOhlvcY2dvG8v2MdZSmsCBh2wd6OFc2wQF3UwwfkAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:51:51.653448Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.07753","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ef7cef6ab138b2dbc9beedfa74721ba0a139a0ad268d10fad9c6b2dffe92321c","sha256:3fc850ed5a3725f31be09a5163494aab3de7f8ec0b2366ba69074ef569b68f0a"],"state_sha256":"aa6f4407a6c59a241d915d9fca2d64e98dad5e16b9e1ed61bb658732da87a798"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8is3YOFSCXxyYNgq+jpbP6kz2dMOiP9E4SyZrTwItgPWSLGzBo10RxSkDq7wrQgmaQOCvapn52SulXmu7yd1Ag==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:58:25.763889Z","bundle_sha256":"91ce68fd3fad01ff66dbf2110be04fe9742cefa8be9953df28c24b05dc0de904"}}