{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP","short_pith_number":"pith:DBI333J4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.11721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T20:44:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ec0eefd4522cab26bd2a90e7a0557d9a5348f32f7c1ab7cbb56c699164331c67","abstract_canon_sha256":"07b6ba6d8560f1bffe9cfd2b9db48fcd98e1d2196859e073a4c6296c7027d646"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1851bded3c105684dcf8992a3e845723cdc78f474f01bbf770b9462c913b06a6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.11721","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.11721","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.11721v2","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.11721","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DBI333J4CBLI","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DBI333J4CBLIJXHY","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DBI333J4","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.11721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T20:44:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ec0eefd4522cab26bd2a90e7a0557d9a5348f32f7c1ab7cbb56c699164331c67","abstract_canon_sha256":"07b6ba6d8560f1bffe9cfd2b9db48fcd98e1d2196859e073a4c6296c7027d646"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1851bded3c105684dcf8992a3e845723cdc78f474f01bbf770b9462c913b06a6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15.255762Z","signature_b64":"Tx2GpgkqWUAmWD9zwOvFm7m36MZS1p1/CdP0Ebdpt5i8XMnwaWYveRXuPsj1pS5Ql93aEsOeB4anYKPuznWaAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1851bded3c105684dcf8992a3e845723cdc78f474f01bbf770b9462c913b06a6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15.254851Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15.254851Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.11721","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZS/XRZiMtgkwdHf7+Tg97Vvds90q3hMy6UQYR82D+5bUAGj3FbVA1dzK2YQ8mawVVOBo+Tor/FGLa3+XU6UVAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T05:15:55.129610Z"},"content_sha256":"58fbbd91d83e8d974bbf51764a5e746d947ec5fdfaf028e4a43d229532f5fad8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:58fbbd91d83e8d974bbf51764a5e746d947ec5fdfaf028e4a43d229532f5fad8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Evasion Under Blockchain Sanctions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Endong Liu, Liyi Zhou, Mark Ryan, Pascal Berrang","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T20:44:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Sanctioning blockchain addresses has become a common regulatory response to malicious activities. However, enforcement on permissionless blockchains remains challenging due to complex transaction flows and sophisticated fund-obfuscation techniques.\n  Using cryptocurrency mixing tool Tornado Cash as a case study, we quantitatively assess the effectiveness of U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions over a 957-day period, covering 6.79 million Ethereum blocks and 1.07 billion transactions. Our analysis reveals that while OFAC sanctions reduced overall Tornado Cash deposit volume by"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.11721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.11721/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G6O/6jrbGSgm/2MaV704GCMemNSR/oYDh9N1L4fSW6qciXtpf8+y1mPZ7I/a6slV4ppkCNR9yQ8xoxrC/3YyBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T05:15:55.129992Z"},"content_sha256":"46f047468baa9f8e08b0837d29b71cb76a4ed7e51c1e0a541e775f5972c34087","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:46f047468baa9f8e08b0837d29b71cb76a4ed7e51c1e0a541e775f5972c34087"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T05:15:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DBI333J4CBLIJXHYTEVD5BCXEP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07b6ba6d8560f1bffe9cfd2b9db48fcd98e1d2196859e073a4c6296c7027d646","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T20:44:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"ec0eefd4522cab26bd2a90e7a0557d9a5348f32f7c1ab7cbb56c699164331c67"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.11721","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.11721","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.11721v2","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.11721","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DBI333J4CBLI","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DBI333J4CBLIJXHY","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DBI333J4","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:46f047468baa9f8e08b0837d29b71cb76a4ed7e51c1e0a541e775f5972c34087","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.11721/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Sanctioning blockchain addresses has become a common regulatory response to malicious activities. However, enforcement on permissionless blockchains remains challenging due to complex transaction flows and sophisticated fund-obfuscation techniques.\n  Using cryptocurrency mixing tool Tornado Cash as a case study, we quantitatively assess the effectiveness of U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions over a 957-day period, covering 6.79 million Ethereum blocks and 1.07 billion transactions. Our analysis reveals that while OFAC sanctions reduced overall Tornado Cash deposit volume by","authors_text":"Endong Liu, Liyi Zhou, Mark Ryan, Pascal Berrang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T20:44:29Z","title":"Evasion Under Blockchain Sanctions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.11721","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:58fbbd91d83e8d974bbf51764a5e746d947ec5fdfaf028e4a43d229532f5fad8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"07b6ba6d8560f1bffe9cfd2b9db48fcd98e1d2196859e073a4c6296c7027d646","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-15T20:44:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"ec0eefd4522cab26bd2a90e7a0557d9a5348f32f7c1ab7cbb56c699164331c67"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.11721","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1851bded3c105684dcf8992a3e845723cdc78f474f01bbf770b9462c913b06a6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1851bded3c105684dcf8992a3e845723cdc78f474f01bbf770b9462c913b06a6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15.254851Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15.254851Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Tx2GpgkqWUAmWD9zwOvFm7m36MZS1p1/CdP0Ebdpt5i8XMnwaWYveRXuPsj1pS5Ql93aEsOeB4anYKPuznWaAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-21T01:04:15.255762Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.11721","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:58fbbd91d83e8d974bbf51764a5e746d947ec5fdfaf028e4a43d229532f5fad8","sha256:46f047468baa9f8e08b0837d29b71cb76a4ed7e51c1e0a541e775f5972c34087"],"state_sha256":"07174491fca6503f82dd935136c7c4a52ff48bebae08da5a155e0384c3bffaa5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"681jI8z9czfkWi1JlKJEStSFfUPuCpMA9SedY40C0VXGaK+8x33JMhwdfE93xlzk9QUdJ0KDUPssq9ZQKma9Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T05:15:55.131969Z","bundle_sha256":"483eb1c7694c52393a626f9964ae40ca0fdde66b98657eb6cc2572d5abec081d"}}