{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW","short_pith_number":"pith:DBKIICG3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.3329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-10-11T19:19:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.class-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"80b91cf89807d293fdfa025ee7d5d64b68fe2e650ba55a63940304dbadc92462","abstract_canon_sha256":"edd8ccf23c49255388609dc887a407fbcae9df64488b74cda3743e60b2a7607c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"18548408dbae9b72442c9392938a3c7d82368d3dd5fd8ac47da0bba2171d06b9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1210.3329","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.3329","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.3329v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.3329","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DBKIICG3V2NX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DBKIICG3V2NXERBM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DBKIICG3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.3329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-10-11T19:19:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.class-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"80b91cf89807d293fdfa025ee7d5d64b68fe2e650ba55a63940304dbadc92462","abstract_canon_sha256":"edd8ccf23c49255388609dc887a407fbcae9df64488b74cda3743e60b2a7607c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"18548408dbae9b72442c9392938a3c7d82368d3dd5fd8ac47da0bba2171d06b9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20.099999Z","signature_b64":"qzpKA1wCa+rj/0AldEugw01SKxtf1aOyYmTePmEU5kmPwC02kE4sXqJQlM61jvSmfiWswZRJbE0wYeRWGREMAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"18548408dbae9b72442c9392938a3c7d82368d3dd5fd8ac47da0bba2171d06b9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20.099445Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20.099445Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1210.3329","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EUCogshRveffQLkAka7p6Gk+QT6//ga+03sqIEqzbAbBDBMbXWtpfgdp/6Z5cmo2nuJaZubzaCqqiBN3vw+qBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:48:30.763758Z"},"content_sha256":"76602bfa4b5237887d41b4dfc47faac0017184f2adec66c7853c0b938f5b90a4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:76602bfa4b5237887d41b4dfc47faac0017184f2adec66c7853c0b938f5b90a4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Shear flow of dense granular materials near smooth walls. I. Shear localization and constitutive laws in boundary region","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.class-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Fran\\c{c}ois Chevoir (NAVIER), Jean-No\\\"el Roux (NAVIER), Wolf Dietrich, Zahra Shojaaee","submitted_at":"2012-10-11T19:19:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report on a numerical study of the shear flow of a simple two-dimensional model of a granular material under controlled normal stress between two parallel smooth, frictional walls, moving with opposite velocities $\\pm$V . Discrete simulations, which are carried out with the contact dynamics method in dense assemblies of disks, reveal that, unlike rough walls made of strands of particles, smooth ones can lead to shear strain localization in the boundary layer. Specifically, we observe, for decreasing V, first a fluid-like regime (A), in which the whole granular layer is sheared, with a homog"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.3329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Mzg5pfmKmMsnYTROWQ7wnlY6KAWIklNSJRlTF39f2QfKAKEmXUWI27wlSE5lf+fCzwtEzfyhd0pDdBrW8nzCDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:48:30.764554Z"},"content_sha256":"1a87251adbd1f1bc08e3dcd3f486102a7b55bf2c562ba680213a4b603f1fc2f3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1a87251adbd1f1bc08e3dcd3f486102a7b55bf2c562ba680213a4b603f1fc2f3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T08:48:30Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:DBKIICG3V2NXERBMSOJJHCR4PW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"edd8ccf23c49255388609dc887a407fbcae9df64488b74cda3743e60b2a7607c","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.class-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-10-11T19:19:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"80b91cf89807d293fdfa025ee7d5d64b68fe2e650ba55a63940304dbadc92462"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.3329","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.3329","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.3329v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.3329","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DBKIICG3V2NX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DBKIICG3V2NXERBM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DBKIICG3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1a87251adbd1f1bc08e3dcd3f486102a7b55bf2c562ba680213a4b603f1fc2f3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We report on a numerical study of the shear flow of a simple two-dimensional model of a granular material under controlled normal stress between two parallel smooth, frictional walls, moving with opposite velocities $\\pm$V . Discrete simulations, which are carried out with the contact dynamics method in dense assemblies of disks, reveal that, unlike rough walls made of strands of particles, smooth ones can lead to shear strain localization in the boundary layer. Specifically, we observe, for decreasing V, first a fluid-like regime (A), in which the whole granular layer is sheared, with a homog","authors_text":"Fran\\c{c}ois Chevoir (NAVIER), Jean-No\\\"el Roux (NAVIER), Wolf Dietrich, Zahra Shojaaee","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.class-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-10-11T19:19:09Z","title":"Shear flow of dense granular materials near smooth walls. I. Shear localization and constitutive laws in boundary region"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.3329","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:76602bfa4b5237887d41b4dfc47faac0017184f2adec66c7853c0b938f5b90a4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"edd8ccf23c49255388609dc887a407fbcae9df64488b74cda3743e60b2a7607c","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.class-ph","physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-10-11T19:19:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"80b91cf89807d293fdfa025ee7d5d64b68fe2e650ba55a63940304dbadc92462"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.3329","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"18548408dbae9b72442c9392938a3c7d82368d3dd5fd8ac47da0bba2171d06b9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"18548408dbae9b72442c9392938a3c7d82368d3dd5fd8ac47da0bba2171d06b9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20.099445Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20.099445Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qzpKA1wCa+rj/0AldEugw01SKxtf1aOyYmTePmEU5kmPwC02kE4sXqJQlM61jvSmfiWswZRJbE0wYeRWGREMAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:43:20.099999Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1210.3329","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:76602bfa4b5237887d41b4dfc47faac0017184f2adec66c7853c0b938f5b90a4","sha256:1a87251adbd1f1bc08e3dcd3f486102a7b55bf2c562ba680213a4b603f1fc2f3"],"state_sha256":"f3dccc55fba951be0c772f9fc0ccc33cf49de8b49be6f67ce8c95f0a9552289e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ODY6slEysuvmx0JXrpSxXou8uxMI+vcsEwG8wnpk+EzijzRkwLuGCMRDqM5CNkyffmV6JL0j37umrSEQDWcUCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:48:30.768485Z","bundle_sha256":"f95223493b3c0e5ed1586e48fb4b4a66b18bdb480b629d983310b7ea4eb3cecf"}}