{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM","short_pith_number":"pith:DF2G5JKR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.0344","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.PS","submitted_at":"2014-05-02T04:40:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"5cc159f7373d52619e7b42f7ef8f69472b5cf7ce798b50f1a8a8cb75337de744","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e169be74a67e7a98948b85a39d642a256b5dbe99d5f566e93b23a309de1e3eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"19746ea5514a363c8a16f988714b5e631dd602c656fcf954ab15d8c2c3f84711","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1405.0344","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.0344","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.0344v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.0344","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DF2G5JKRJI3D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DF2G5JKR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.0344","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.PS","submitted_at":"2014-05-02T04:40:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"5cc159f7373d52619e7b42f7ef8f69472b5cf7ce798b50f1a8a8cb75337de744","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e169be74a67e7a98948b85a39d642a256b5dbe99d5f566e93b23a309de1e3eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"19746ea5514a363c8a16f988714b5e631dd602c656fcf954ab15d8c2c3f84711","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39.984311Z","signature_b64":"LxeeAHDY94SrXjzqK0jXEUS00qcf+Xb/hTOVV7TgMvCVT1KXYx6r2EaKN3V5s8kIImL3D7K27ySCZOdWBVjLCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"19746ea5514a363c8a16f988714b5e631dd602c656fcf954ab15d8c2c3f84711","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39.983693Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39.983693Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1405.0344","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oJo5m/dNygMW+iXWjd8FXyVNIeLGmK0m5KLYysHKqsImA7sQggB3vJNnbc1dvxMs/STXNvwSbx7HgqMvtxuGAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:47:28.137296Z"},"content_sha256":"309a414449b838df4af6d47a0414b00dc7917737b7be8eff6641a47d4da428bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:309a414449b838df4af6d47a0414b00dc7917737b7be8eff6641a47d4da428bf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Arctic melt ponds and bifurcations in the climate system","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"primary_cat":"nlin.PS","authors_text":"Ivan Sudakov, Kenneth M. Golden, Sergey A. Vakulenko","submitted_at":"2014-05-02T04:40:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Understanding how sea ice melts is critical to climate projections. In the Arctic, melt ponds that develop on the surface of sea ice floes during the late spring and summer largely determine their albedo -- a key parameter in climate modeling. Here we explore the possibility of a conceptual sea ice climate model passing through a bifurcation point -- an irreversible critical threshold as the system warms, by incorporating geometric information about melt pond evolution. This study is based on a bifurcation analysis of the energy balance climate model with ice - albedo feedback as the key mecha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.0344","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rr+Kx7O2wIJ2S8/s1ucjTao3fYZtCzs6TEci3rrSC/JkZyvA3Lf3CD9bV5RlLbc/vNHm43Bi7vjkutxO9obRAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:47:28.137971Z"},"content_sha256":"9f7cd9a1bdf7255a88685cec4a2f23c4386be7fc0ffa83fbe63dcc9e025678cf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9f7cd9a1bdf7255a88685cec4a2f23c4386be7fc0ffa83fbe63dcc9e025678cf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T20:47:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW7GEHCS26MM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e169be74a67e7a98948b85a39d642a256b5dbe99d5f566e93b23a309de1e3eb","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.PS","submitted_at":"2014-05-02T04:40:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"5cc159f7373d52619e7b42f7ef8f69472b5cf7ce798b50f1a8a8cb75337de744"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1405.0344","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.0344","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.0344v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.0344","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DF2G5JKRJI3D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DF2G5JKRJI3DZCQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DF2G5JKR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9f7cd9a1bdf7255a88685cec4a2f23c4386be7fc0ffa83fbe63dcc9e025678cf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Understanding how sea ice melts is critical to climate projections. In the Arctic, melt ponds that develop on the surface of sea ice floes during the late spring and summer largely determine their albedo -- a key parameter in climate modeling. Here we explore the possibility of a conceptual sea ice climate model passing through a bifurcation point -- an irreversible critical threshold as the system warms, by incorporating geometric information about melt pond evolution. This study is based on a bifurcation analysis of the energy balance climate model with ice - albedo feedback as the key mecha","authors_text":"Ivan Sudakov, Kenneth M. Golden, Sergey A. Vakulenko","cross_cats":["physics.ao-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.PS","submitted_at":"2014-05-02T04:40:11Z","title":"Arctic melt ponds and bifurcations in the climate system"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.0344","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:309a414449b838df4af6d47a0414b00dc7917737b7be8eff6641a47d4da428bf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e169be74a67e7a98948b85a39d642a256b5dbe99d5f566e93b23a309de1e3eb","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nlin.PS","submitted_at":"2014-05-02T04:40:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"5cc159f7373d52619e7b42f7ef8f69472b5cf7ce798b50f1a8a8cb75337de744"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1405.0344","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"19746ea5514a363c8a16f988714b5e631dd602c656fcf954ab15d8c2c3f84711","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"19746ea5514a363c8a16f988714b5e631dd602c656fcf954ab15d8c2c3f84711","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39.983693Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39.983693Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LxeeAHDY94SrXjzqK0jXEUS00qcf+Xb/hTOVV7TgMvCVT1KXYx6r2EaKN3V5s8kIImL3D7K27ySCZOdWBVjLCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:39.984311Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1405.0344","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:309a414449b838df4af6d47a0414b00dc7917737b7be8eff6641a47d4da428bf","sha256:9f7cd9a1bdf7255a88685cec4a2f23c4386be7fc0ffa83fbe63dcc9e025678cf"],"state_sha256":"43e2f3259d686b9613c744aed6e419cf0810c45742ea77b89bbf395875ed02d2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K5cxO5jcMgm8fxKmHZqJvylKw03VbJxgJ+nzeLRdriDivuaS+JHkEq3rucyNXhORG4gAVyNS6yiQMIMdQUBBDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:47:28.140721Z","bundle_sha256":"9a3fb5ba34ad848cfb011f7e99e642867efea0b9c05753b626b7861fcd334785"}}