{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2","short_pith_number":"pith:DGGJBXZN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.08166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T20:57:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"432fee197599ac7dec331693e21351ae41f7370c69b338cb19cab239914b67a9","abstract_canon_sha256":"9553f7253872403cbbc8fb27b7176184990c888daab21ea4d104e14524122b15"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"198c90df2d30196bcfed8274b6557ba6bdd77334cc329919254e338e3f3e4257","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.08166","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.08166","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.08166v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.08166","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DGGJBXZNGAMW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7N","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DGGJBXZN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.08166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T20:57:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"432fee197599ac7dec331693e21351ae41f7370c69b338cb19cab239914b67a9","abstract_canon_sha256":"9553f7253872403cbbc8fb27b7176184990c888daab21ea4d104e14524122b15"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"198c90df2d30196bcfed8274b6557ba6bdd77334cc329919254e338e3f3e4257","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18.356252Z","signature_b64":"W5ss5/go/z88kSPBNIR/s3UGGpLl3oInh9FnFNmkrk+EyT5JV7ibeGeNVpIVyG4UYyCc2yv9FwZrcX7VK4sYBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"198c90df2d30196bcfed8274b6557ba6bdd77334cc329919254e338e3f3e4257","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18.355781Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18.355781Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.08166","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SErY7SxcWE2znnJS/xQNAklx6QwWj5oZmnwSjbrN17/HtSHLQf3eRsi0m53uikCXky+ImCYPqAMJ2Xd3YOYjDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T07:16:51.470748Z"},"content_sha256":"fe815fd6319e0beabc558db7e64246b892897e316bb0bce1fbf286a6d625f721","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fe815fd6319e0beabc558db7e64246b892897e316bb0bce1fbf286a6d625f721"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"GPUHammer: Rowhammer Attacks on GPU Memories are Practical","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Chris S. Lin, Gururaj Saileshwar, Joyce Qu","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T20:57:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"Rowhammer is a read disturbance vulnerability in modern DRAM that causes bit-flips, compromising security and reliability. While extensively studied on Intel and AMD CPUs with DDR and LPDDR memories, its impact on GPUs using GDDR memories, critical for emerging machine learning applications, remains unexplored. Rowhammer attacks on GPUs face unique challenges: (1) proprietary mapping of physical memory to GDDR banks and rows, (2) high memory latency and faster refresh rates that hinder effective hammering, and (3) proprietary mitigations in GDDR memories, difficult to reverse-engineer without "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.08166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.08166/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+J3hmVW09E4ormIbuMB0NXFaLFyEeO6igCVdxNlXir+3aOQ2K37uZszq3AEKYtKrSfTa/XuYp5aseKC4BicUBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T07:16:51.471099Z"},"content_sha256":"e88b5719ceeb8fbd5e918697156198001ffa65c1a464ae24f6339c7a4ee96982","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e88b5719ceeb8fbd5e918697156198001ffa65c1a464ae24f6339c7a4ee96982"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T07:16:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7NQJ2LMVL3U2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9553f7253872403cbbc8fb27b7176184990c888daab21ea4d104e14524122b15","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T20:57:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"432fee197599ac7dec331693e21351ae41f7370c69b338cb19cab239914b67a9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.08166","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.08166","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.08166v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.08166","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DGGJBXZNGAMW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DGGJBXZNGAMWXT7N","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DGGJBXZN","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e88b5719ceeb8fbd5e918697156198001ffa65c1a464ae24f6339c7a4ee96982","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.08166/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Rowhammer is a read disturbance vulnerability in modern DRAM that causes bit-flips, compromising security and reliability. While extensively studied on Intel and AMD CPUs with DDR and LPDDR memories, its impact on GPUs using GDDR memories, critical for emerging machine learning applications, remains unexplored. Rowhammer attacks on GPUs face unique challenges: (1) proprietary mapping of physical memory to GDDR banks and rows, (2) high memory latency and faster refresh rates that hinder effective hammering, and (3) proprietary mitigations in GDDR memories, difficult to reverse-engineer without ","authors_text":"Chris S. Lin, Gururaj Saileshwar, Joyce Qu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T20:57:47Z","title":"GPUHammer: Rowhammer Attacks on GPU Memories are Practical"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.08166","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fe815fd6319e0beabc558db7e64246b892897e316bb0bce1fbf286a6d625f721","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9553f7253872403cbbc8fb27b7176184990c888daab21ea4d104e14524122b15","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T20:57:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"432fee197599ac7dec331693e21351ae41f7370c69b338cb19cab239914b67a9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.08166","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"198c90df2d30196bcfed8274b6557ba6bdd77334cc329919254e338e3f3e4257","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"198c90df2d30196bcfed8274b6557ba6bdd77334cc329919254e338e3f3e4257","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18.355781Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18.355781Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"W5ss5/go/z88kSPBNIR/s3UGGpLl3oInh9FnFNmkrk+EyT5JV7ibeGeNVpIVyG4UYyCc2yv9FwZrcX7VK4sYBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:35:18.356252Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.08166","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fe815fd6319e0beabc558db7e64246b892897e316bb0bce1fbf286a6d625f721","sha256:e88b5719ceeb8fbd5e918697156198001ffa65c1a464ae24f6339c7a4ee96982"],"state_sha256":"b515a38d3448129075bc10f4445ad31d49e98fce5ef298bd19abbdd3e213afd6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LA0fr0vQvvswUAqQe7f+ymxtoo+0LkeMK47JvAi3HyFb0M5fVyGo+lR8PRrntWZzS2e4HhYLI+jhzH74msNJDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T07:16:51.474398Z","bundle_sha256":"7794aeda3fa66b9ccc826b903710395afed9ccac0516b6400509a0c2f49106d5"}}