{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ","short_pith_number":"pith:DHDH6HID","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T23:17:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"38d07328958b96a8632ebafeb1ff470ea3a725b379e94482599841ec29faea42","abstract_canon_sha256":"44edffda40679ff43fb3bca2e55457870540b3482d23884292ddac355a9edcbc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"19c67f1d033c254cb3858d5a602ea2764905c60fc635b85646ad9bc5b0478093","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.10605","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.10605","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.10605v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.10605","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DHDH6HIDHQSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DHDH6HID","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T23:17:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"38d07328958b96a8632ebafeb1ff470ea3a725b379e94482599841ec29faea42","abstract_canon_sha256":"44edffda40679ff43fb3bca2e55457870540b3482d23884292ddac355a9edcbc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"19c67f1d033c254cb3858d5a602ea2764905c60fc635b85646ad9bc5b0478093","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19.280451Z","signature_b64":"se78MjehgK6xw04iXqA053t4yJf3RzUovSrV4MLNPJlFWUR3SVPytKq8AEfhCQwaAsYftEQMuaJXruKWXkwiAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"19c67f1d033c254cb3858d5a602ea2764905c60fc635b85646ad9bc5b0478093","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19.279923Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19.279923Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.10605","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PCd7HTzayelDtqv6MXZVNDj8EP/NpSmUfg7y/1gU/wPRVg3wcFck0WnsYkQceU2Sv2MfnC9B1tTZB3JzEHHdBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:24:57.597164Z"},"content_sha256":"261da88f25b185a7e555e8c4cfc873cc97807f7d041e4ce972a03be66f0160b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:261da88f25b185a7e555e8c4cfc873cc97807f7d041e4ce972a03be66f0160b8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Client-Side Patching against Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Borja Molina-Coronado","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T23:17:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning is a versatile framework for training models in decentralized environments. However, the trust placed in clients makes federated learning vulnerable to backdoor attacks launched by malicious participants. While many defenses have been proposed, they often fail short when facing heterogeneous data distributions among participating clients. In this paper, we propose a novel defense mechanism for federated learning systems designed to mitigate backdoor attacks on the clients-side. Our approach leverages adversarial learning techniques and model patching to neutralize the impact"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.10605/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dj0KfRo5s6e+L3xWLXxFvwpY+E+d4aIbl+JqxfIqKOwN+613bX7WEu6oonlGYpWBQ/4ioD+iAJmt30rdQLiNCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:24:57.597979Z"},"content_sha256":"2898ec9da40b1a545776dda43d2e46d7f5ab0e68a09e4712df992ede2f04dc34","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2898ec9da40b1a545776dda43d2e46d7f5ab0e68a09e4712df992ede2f04dc34"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T05:24:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4FRVNGALVCOZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44edffda40679ff43fb3bca2e55457870540b3482d23884292ddac355a9edcbc","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T23:17:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"38d07328958b96a8632ebafeb1ff470ea3a725b379e94482599841ec29faea42"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.10605","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.10605v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.10605","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DHDH6HIDHQSU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DHDH6HIDHQSUZM4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DHDH6HID","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2898ec9da40b1a545776dda43d2e46d7f5ab0e68a09e4712df992ede2f04dc34","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.10605/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning is a versatile framework for training models in decentralized environments. However, the trust placed in clients makes federated learning vulnerable to backdoor attacks launched by malicious participants. While many defenses have been proposed, they often fail short when facing heterogeneous data distributions among participating clients. In this paper, we propose a novel defense mechanism for federated learning systems designed to mitigate backdoor attacks on the clients-side. Our approach leverages adversarial learning techniques and model patching to neutralize the impact","authors_text":"Borja Molina-Coronado","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T23:17:10Z","title":"Client-Side Patching against Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:261da88f25b185a7e555e8c4cfc873cc97807f7d041e4ce972a03be66f0160b8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44edffda40679ff43fb3bca2e55457870540b3482d23884292ddac355a9edcbc","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-12-13T23:17:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"38d07328958b96a8632ebafeb1ff470ea3a725b379e94482599841ec29faea42"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"19c67f1d033c254cb3858d5a602ea2764905c60fc635b85646ad9bc5b0478093","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"19c67f1d033c254cb3858d5a602ea2764905c60fc635b85646ad9bc5b0478093","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19.279923Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19.279923Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"se78MjehgK6xw04iXqA053t4yJf3RzUovSrV4MLNPJlFWUR3SVPytKq8AEfhCQwaAsYftEQMuaJXruKWXkwiAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:52:19.280451Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.10605","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:261da88f25b185a7e555e8c4cfc873cc97807f7d041e4ce972a03be66f0160b8","sha256:2898ec9da40b1a545776dda43d2e46d7f5ab0e68a09e4712df992ede2f04dc34"],"state_sha256":"c17407a5b7ffc5104e9299c15abac0ff941b56e16a8848e092f419b21c607b37"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"du23OZ7ZnTBkS7R8n1hGToTsc3bjE6vYKpgNaRLER21oJO8OhPAb/cd+RztJIR+91o6nMW58s6cVigOzD2L+CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T05:24:57.653365Z","bundle_sha256":"a01dd0dacd3070bd77bd5c45735e93236ab6f60c424c2b1e0084f17412af7d23"}}