{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3","short_pith_number":"pith:DHG3ETYZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1008.4858","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-28T12:32:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0df350748ff19209890fc44ce5f36f10ff03ae8554721b1925ec9e1a0be08b34","abstract_canon_sha256":"366b723e6185d98a27601b39b6d943aab17cd6ca4ad2115e5383b040a5ed34d7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"19cdb24f194bd59d4e36b8c4380cba2ec5c7e6596de5c35d7b301f1ce0960792","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1008.4858","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1008.4858","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1008.4858v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1008.4858","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DHG3ETYZJPKZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DHG3ETYZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1008.4858","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-28T12:32:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0df350748ff19209890fc44ce5f36f10ff03ae8554721b1925ec9e1a0be08b34","abstract_canon_sha256":"366b723e6185d98a27601b39b6d943aab17cd6ca4ad2115e5383b040a5ed34d7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"19cdb24f194bd59d4e36b8c4380cba2ec5c7e6596de5c35d7b301f1ce0960792","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37.254162Z","signature_b64":"EIu0tFCYX3eIgzEmfFea4Cj3LAIdeWdi9K2WUQUTLUiCcYZprh5W+rs1ZsHHK8IwTLrPAFRf1TO49XohewdUBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"19cdb24f194bd59d4e36b8c4380cba2ec5c7e6596de5c35d7b301f1ce0960792","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37.253420Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37.253420Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1008.4858","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"I9uu4Zbv42OPBFWSwXlVu2LN7yYmDk5ldrZKVLz1PMZdf1lx0MLyWRVYBLwYEIzBWynk63qZj1fYJpDZ/h6+Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T18:17:09.098904Z"},"content_sha256":"58e72dfe3e4f594865b4871474826a5623225250ca9cd1a8dd05228f2b750302","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:58e72dfe3e4f594865b4871474826a5623225250ca9cd1a8dd05228f2b750302"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Valley-dependent Brewster angles and Goos-Hanchen effect in strained graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"F. M. Peeters, F. Zhai, H. Q. Xu, Kai Chang, Zhenhua Wu","submitted_at":"2010-08-28T12:32:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate theoretically how local strains in graphene can be tailored to generate a valley polarized current. By suitable engineering of local strain profiles, we find that electrons in opposite valleys (K or K') show different Brewster-like angles and Goos-H\\\"anchen shifts, exhibiting a close analogy with light propagating behavior. In a strain-induced waveguide, electrons in K and K' valleys have different group velocities, which can be used to construct a valley filter in graphene without the need for any external fields."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1008.4858","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kKDM/GOkMqgvXHHwrICD6Q2C9+Hqw1tOSr37iQtKK3WWsgIOrye0aYNfHY6mdlpszBncJ91/S1km6JdW8rNAAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T18:17:09.099729Z"},"content_sha256":"86fe46a83f9e2f41c491e588a13b9861b40e8dfb89504abc27c79de5cd870ff1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:86fe46a83f9e2f41c491e588a13b9861b40e8dfb89504abc27c79de5cd870ff1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T18:17:09Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRWXDCDQDF2F3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"366b723e6185d98a27601b39b6d943aab17cd6ca4ad2115e5383b040a5ed34d7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-28T12:32:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"0df350748ff19209890fc44ce5f36f10ff03ae8554721b1925ec9e1a0be08b34"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1008.4858","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1008.4858","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1008.4858v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1008.4858","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DHG3ETYZJPKZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DHG3ETYZJPKZ2TRW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DHG3ETYZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:86fe46a83f9e2f41c491e588a13b9861b40e8dfb89504abc27c79de5cd870ff1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate theoretically how local strains in graphene can be tailored to generate a valley polarized current. By suitable engineering of local strain profiles, we find that electrons in opposite valleys (K or K') show different Brewster-like angles and Goos-H\\\"anchen shifts, exhibiting a close analogy with light propagating behavior. In a strain-induced waveguide, electrons in K and K' valleys have different group velocities, which can be used to construct a valley filter in graphene without the need for any external fields.","authors_text":"F. M. Peeters, F. Zhai, H. Q. Xu, Kai Chang, Zhenhua Wu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-28T12:32:07Z","title":"Valley-dependent Brewster angles and Goos-Hanchen effect in strained graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1008.4858","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:58e72dfe3e4f594865b4871474826a5623225250ca9cd1a8dd05228f2b750302","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"366b723e6185d98a27601b39b6d943aab17cd6ca4ad2115e5383b040a5ed34d7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2010-08-28T12:32:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"0df350748ff19209890fc44ce5f36f10ff03ae8554721b1925ec9e1a0be08b34"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1008.4858","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"19cdb24f194bd59d4e36b8c4380cba2ec5c7e6596de5c35d7b301f1ce0960792","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"19cdb24f194bd59d4e36b8c4380cba2ec5c7e6596de5c35d7b301f1ce0960792","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37.253420Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37.253420Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EIu0tFCYX3eIgzEmfFea4Cj3LAIdeWdi9K2WUQUTLUiCcYZprh5W+rs1ZsHHK8IwTLrPAFRf1TO49XohewdUBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:37.254162Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1008.4858","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:58e72dfe3e4f594865b4871474826a5623225250ca9cd1a8dd05228f2b750302","sha256:86fe46a83f9e2f41c491e588a13b9861b40e8dfb89504abc27c79de5cd870ff1"],"state_sha256":"8c6624d7084227c5eb94d184d5f44502a6d3729124d7b777ba031d3b5fcd9588"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V9NlB+fMTs4iEB+fCDWJ/HH3aEL+hV8k2aNY3VK1IazLr57sxjvE1idVh17ZiQHv/P34xXwFO/4yFKvtnn6mCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T18:17:09.104123Z","bundle_sha256":"b8afadffd7a46538a31dd5afaae2a7685457031e168816ccfa0160b1e4d2c66d"}}