{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2014:DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5","short_pith_number":"pith:DJBGH33S","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"1a4263ef721dc67cd95ae126ab34625f6f54e08fdf1ef39f8e1a678e794c5810","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1401.7121","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Evolution of the extinction curves in galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Hiroyuki Hirashita, Ryosuke S. Asano, Takaya Nozawa, Tsutomu T. Takeuchi","submitted_at":"2014-01-28T09:43:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the evolution of extinction curves in galaxies based on our evolution model of grain size distribution. In this model, we considered various processes: dust formation by SNe II and AGB stars, dust destruction by SN shocks in the ISM, metal accretion onto the surface of grains (referred to as grain growth), shattering and coagulation. We find that the extinction curve is flat in the earliest stage of galaxy evolution. As the galaxy is enriched with dust, shattering becomes effective to produce a large abundance of small grains ($a \\la 0.01\\;\\mu$m). Then, grain growth becomes effe"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1401.7121","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2014-01-28T09:43:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1ade8fdf277c38f4103c1dcfeec8fd31be0d2dd51288a3cd0e422800eee0fa55","abstract_canon_sha256":"ab621783aa706a232e2712c946607d9b305acb50a5fa3f3225a6d9d077ff1842"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773587Z","signature_b64":"Gll2v5goJUQ9vbBHBOQQNcQYFhVvYZji23x0jvU2vrLXMkLdnS9XeZxKS1xuODE38ejqjqOHCzzyLt0y32V5Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1a4263ef721dc67cd95ae126ab34625f6f54e08fdf1ef39f8e1a678e794c5810","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773141Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773141Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Evolution of the extinction curves in galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Hiroyuki Hirashita, Ryosuke S. Asano, Takaya Nozawa, Tsutomu T. Takeuchi","submitted_at":"2014-01-28T09:43:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the evolution of extinction curves in galaxies based on our evolution model of grain size distribution. In this model, we considered various processes: dust formation by SNe II and AGB stars, dust destruction by SN shocks in the ISM, metal accretion onto the surface of grains (referred to as grain growth), shattering and coagulation. We find that the extinction curve is flat in the earliest stage of galaxy evolution. As the galaxy is enriched with dust, shattering becomes effective to produce a large abundance of small grains ($a \\la 0.01\\;\\mu$m). Then, grain growth becomes effe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1401.7121","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1401.7121","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773207+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1401.7121v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773207+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1401.7121","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773207+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DJBGH33SDXDH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25.294606+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DJBGH33SDXDHZWK2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25.294606+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DJBGH33S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25.294606+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2506.13851","citing_title":"Interstellar dust production, destruction and effects of dust depletion in galaxies","ref_index":229,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5","json":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/DJBGH33S"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/DJBGH33S","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1401.7121&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/DJBGH33SDXDHZWK24ETKWNDCL5/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773207+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:45:11.773207+00:00"}