{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT","short_pith_number":"pith:DJLKCEP2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.09349","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-27T01:09:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"5142e56c99149c56a597ee65bd0d04d096d0342c3f7bba41e95a5c3f00dcf022","abstract_canon_sha256":"f98deebd0e3d61a187eb630ccaa4d80e10cc1d316d43c041f72771191cce7677"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1a56a111fa2c0dbbb397445fc53a37acd388e4048c58aebdc45633e2d2b2b4b6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.09349","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.09349","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.09349v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.09349","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DJLKCEP2FQG3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DJLKCEP2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.09349","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-27T01:09:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"5142e56c99149c56a597ee65bd0d04d096d0342c3f7bba41e95a5c3f00dcf022","abstract_canon_sha256":"f98deebd0e3d61a187eb630ccaa4d80e10cc1d316d43c041f72771191cce7677"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1a56a111fa2c0dbbb397445fc53a37acd388e4048c58aebdc45633e2d2b2b4b6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02.907743Z","signature_b64":"zXkaiK5aClHXppt0seI5c4KEMUrMRxm0TfCbUbCAnxta+GPxaG7/PKiCOmUwxHR6WXKzD1FP9FX1sr3B3M9mDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1a56a111fa2c0dbbb397445fc53a37acd388e4048c58aebdc45633e2d2b2b4b6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02.907061Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02.907061Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1609.09349","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xaseNTcMe2XPXquxqLsQ5Gt4K4Xz+1fMq196R65gQvDrHPfFnvWnC2ViJTJIwd62ckMlO2DTsS9IuqMGoZ24BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:46:47.668250Z"},"content_sha256":"6211845e392f738e50374ae0397be97e588b116fa72f811d67a55703960b64b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6211845e392f738e50374ae0397be97e588b116fa72f811d67a55703960b64b2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An analysis of the LIGO discovery based on Introductory Physics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Ashton Lowenstein, Harsh Mathur, Katherine Jones-Smith","submitted_at":"2016-09-27T01:09:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Binary black hole mergers are analyzed using concepts from introductory physics. Drawing upon Newtonian mechanics, dimensional considerations, and analogies between gravitational and electromagnetic waves, we are able to explain the principal features of LIGO's data and make order of magnitude estimates of key parameters of the event by inspection of the data. Our estimates of the black hole masses, the distance to the event, the initial separation of the pair, and the stupendous total amount of energy radiated are all in good agreement with the best fit values of these parameters obtained by "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.09349","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lu81VRzI9IXFxaDOpQ7k+a3LkPlmbCA03DeFr681ImMAcQZM7P6bWNjuoADOmYltKxBu2XlP1vSepG55PC9ABg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:46:47.668932Z"},"content_sha256":"92cf15a2a44a4e03a5e144037dae2dca420c20efa36bacc0530f5674cd261d1f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92cf15a2a44a4e03a5e144037dae2dca420c20efa36bacc0530f5674cd261d1f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T22:46:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4XIRP4KORXVT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f98deebd0e3d61a187eb630ccaa4d80e10cc1d316d43c041f72771191cce7677","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-27T01:09:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"5142e56c99149c56a597ee65bd0d04d096d0342c3f7bba41e95a5c3f00dcf022"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.09349","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.09349","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.09349v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.09349","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DJLKCEP2FQG3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DJLKCEP2FQG3XM4X","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DJLKCEP2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:92cf15a2a44a4e03a5e144037dae2dca420c20efa36bacc0530f5674cd261d1f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Binary black hole mergers are analyzed using concepts from introductory physics. Drawing upon Newtonian mechanics, dimensional considerations, and analogies between gravitational and electromagnetic waves, we are able to explain the principal features of LIGO's data and make order of magnitude estimates of key parameters of the event by inspection of the data. Our estimates of the black hole masses, the distance to the event, the initial separation of the pair, and the stupendous total amount of energy radiated are all in good agreement with the best fit values of these parameters obtained by ","authors_text":"Ashton Lowenstein, Harsh Mathur, Katherine Jones-Smith","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-27T01:09:25Z","title":"An analysis of the LIGO discovery based on Introductory Physics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.09349","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6211845e392f738e50374ae0397be97e588b116fa72f811d67a55703960b64b2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f98deebd0e3d61a187eb630ccaa4d80e10cc1d316d43c041f72771191cce7677","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-27T01:09:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"5142e56c99149c56a597ee65bd0d04d096d0342c3f7bba41e95a5c3f00dcf022"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.09349","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"1a56a111fa2c0dbbb397445fc53a37acd388e4048c58aebdc45633e2d2b2b4b6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1a56a111fa2c0dbbb397445fc53a37acd388e4048c58aebdc45633e2d2b2b4b6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02.907061Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02.907061Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zXkaiK5aClHXppt0seI5c4KEMUrMRxm0TfCbUbCAnxta+GPxaG7/PKiCOmUwxHR6WXKzD1FP9FX1sr3B3M9mDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:02.907743Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1609.09349","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6211845e392f738e50374ae0397be97e588b116fa72f811d67a55703960b64b2","sha256:92cf15a2a44a4e03a5e144037dae2dca420c20efa36bacc0530f5674cd261d1f"],"state_sha256":"5bafb2d94d746b54ff308866dd74e9f613f1d63a81dec0b508ed54e2444f8502"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WZZW35wAMST1uZgJ6SmVxS5MMmTEp8qcZxK6kaXcv5I83+T/Y/Ct+T/nZQLFGaK9msLRePP1St8K1uOZit9+BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:46:47.672578Z","bundle_sha256":"fd06abb2bf559ca9fed9d1679b462cce71832c4486db7a746b84bfc34f8f9531"}}