{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY","short_pith_number":"pith:DJOWHGPQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2026-05-02T14:02:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP"],"title_canon_sha256":"5e55b195b7c1cbf8e7785d56df2ecc55b8e79852708cd7be76821a4bb0160902","abstract_canon_sha256":"26034355985e3cfbe93f4e7e2ae9782459bed6a40b0d4899217e2a16a472311b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1a5d6399f061acc9921468ef7336189e1947f0c9b4fa055b1ddefe424456d61b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.01453","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.01453","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.01453v2","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.01453","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DJOWHGPQMGWM","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQU","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DJOWHGPQ","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2026-05-02T14:02:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP"],"title_canon_sha256":"5e55b195b7c1cbf8e7785d56df2ecc55b8e79852708cd7be76821a4bb0160902","abstract_canon_sha256":"26034355985e3cfbe93f4e7e2ae9782459bed6a40b0d4899217e2a16a472311b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1a5d6399f061acc9921468ef7336189e1947f0c9b4fa055b1ddefe424456d61b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09.829880Z","signature_b64":"LLRxGUnx+4ccCoJMp3gkawY8z8j0PQQXx2l/T8PmiuNgkdZFx8TgN34lEZWWg8lN7U7ZHSBoqhAIaQAqmChTAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1a5d6399f061acc9921468ef7336189e1947f0c9b4fa055b1ddefe424456d61b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09.829013Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09.829013Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.01453","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/jxykVnSobLKL6aF5DsCmaphNs+qO4ZW6wR5YSTnm0/DJJvurCakDhQyX3EMFtCQPyN9ZzODjLRkpqtYd71yAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T10:25:58.099020Z"},"content_sha256":"56e92f154ea7b61d46e70629885c6349a8d994e695c8c985052df5bf2a55e0f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56e92f154ea7b61d46e70629885c6349a8d994e695c8c985052df5bf2a55e0f5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Hidden gauge invariance","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Gauge invariance emerges from quantum constraints on a Hilbert space for most renormalizable interactions of vector bosons.","cross_cats":["math-ph","math.MP"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Karl-Henning Rehren","submitted_at":"2026-05-02T14:02:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by \"deriving it without assuming it\" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum principles, notably the representation on a Hilbert space, which forces interactions to be \"string-localized\". To some surprise, most interactions fulfilling the constraints enjoy an emergent but possibly \"hidden\" gauge invariance (uncovered via redefinitions of quantum fields). It is exact and unbroken even in the presence of massive vector bosons. It play"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"most interactions fulfilling the constraints enjoy a 'hidden' gauge invariance (uncovered via redefinitions of quantum fields). The hidden gauge invariance is exact and unbroken even in the presence of massive vector bosons.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"that the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum principles, notably the representation on a Hilbert space, and that string-localized interactions suffice to make S-matrices string-independent while coinciding with gauge-theory results on indefinite spaces.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Interactions constrained purely by Hilbert space representations exhibit hidden gauge invariance, enabling string-localized formulations whose S-matrices match gauge theories without ghosts or indefinite metrics.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Gauge invariance emerges from quantum constraints on a Hilbert space for most renormalizable interactions of vector bosons.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"c96f54947bad84239c6035bdd28c62d918fd21a51fc236d2d4d2146ce1d516fb"},"source":{"id":"2605.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"9a4fce5a-54f7-4da1-be6c-b37fcf93d6a3","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-09T14:41:24.230300Z","strongest_claim":"most interactions fulfilling the constraints enjoy a 'hidden' gauge invariance (uncovered via redefinitions of quantum fields). The hidden gauge invariance is exact and unbroken even in the presence of massive vector bosons.","one_line_summary":"Interactions constrained purely by Hilbert space representations exhibit hidden gauge invariance, enabling string-localized formulations whose S-matrices match gauge theories without ghosts or indefinite metrics.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"that the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum principles, notably the representation on a Hilbert space, and that string-localized interactions suffice to make S-matrices string-independent while coinciding with gauge-theory results on indefinite spaces.","pith_extraction_headline":"Gauge invariance emerges from quantum constraints on a Hilbert space for most renormalizable interactions of vector bosons."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.01453/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-20T17:41:26.116910Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:17:25.116497Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"daac5400a41e4ce3a225bf8980436a1536c81bb651c13e731650d2ae13d8bb0c"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"9a4fce5a-54f7-4da1-be6c-b37fcf93d6a3"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nNG4H4yiEILoq7i+Gs3wSvKQsRWnMkNcNzn4nnzqHbV2nSG/sZhjDmXrBjWtzEx9gDKG/QNUxzSlk6HRBTUVAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T10:25:58.100116Z"},"content_sha256":"074d95a2a73cb68c113d0a92ac165f670aaa21d6f7ba4f27bdb624663fc05999","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:074d95a2a73cb68c113d0a92ac165f670aaa21d6f7ba4f27bdb624663fc05999"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T10:25:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQUNDXXGNQYTY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"26034355985e3cfbe93f4e7e2ae9782459bed6a40b0d4899217e2a16a472311b","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2026-05-02T14:02:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"5e55b195b7c1cbf8e7785d56df2ecc55b8e79852708cd7be76821a4bb0160902"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.01453","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.01453v2","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.01453","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DJOWHGPQMGWM","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DJOWHGPQMGWMTEQU","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DJOWHGPQ","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:074d95a2a73cb68c113d0a92ac165f670aaa21d6f7ba4f27bdb624663fc05999","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"most interactions fulfilling the constraints enjoy a 'hidden' gauge invariance (uncovered via redefinitions of quantum fields). The hidden gauge invariance is exact and unbroken even in the presence of massive vector bosons."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"that the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum principles, notably the representation on a Hilbert space, and that string-localized interactions suffice to make S-matrices string-independent while coinciding with gauge-theory results on indefinite spaces."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Interactions constrained purely by Hilbert space representations exhibit hidden gauge invariance, enabling string-localized formulations whose S-matrices match gauge theories without ghosts or indefinite metrics."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Gauge invariance emerges from quantum constraints on a Hilbert space for most renormalizable interactions of vector bosons."}],"snapshot_sha256":"c96f54947bad84239c6035bdd28c62d918fd21a51fc236d2d4d2146ce1d516fb"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[{"findings_count":0,"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-20T17:41:26.116910Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"},{"findings_count":0,"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:17:25.116497Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0"}],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.01453/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"daac5400a41e4ce3a225bf8980436a1536c81bb651c13e731650d2ae13d8bb0c","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The role of gauge invariance is reconsidered by \"deriving it without assuming it\" within an autonomous approach to interactions of Standard Model particles. In this approach, the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum principles, notably the representation on a Hilbert space, which forces interactions to be \"string-localized\". To some surprise, most interactions fulfilling the constraints enjoy an emergent but possibly \"hidden\" gauge invariance (uncovered via redefinitions of quantum fields). It is exact and unbroken even in the presence of massive vector bosons. It play","authors_text":"Karl-Henning Rehren","cross_cats":["math-ph","math.MP"],"headline":"Gauge invariance emerges from quantum constraints on a Hilbert space for most renormalizable interactions of vector bosons.","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2026-05-02T14:02:20Z","title":"Hidden gauge invariance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-09T14:41:24.230300Z","id":"9a4fce5a-54f7-4da1-be6c-b37fcf93d6a3","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"Interactions constrained purely by Hilbert space representations exhibit hidden gauge invariance, enabling string-localized formulations whose S-matrices match gauge theories without ghosts or indefinite metrics.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"Gauge invariance emerges from quantum constraints on a Hilbert space for most renormalizable interactions of vector bosons.","strongest_claim":"most interactions fulfilling the constraints enjoy a 'hidden' gauge invariance (uncovered via redefinitions of quantum fields). The hidden gauge invariance is exact and unbroken even in the presence of massive vector bosons.","weakest_assumption":"that the renormalizable interactions are purely constrained by quantum principles, notably the representation on a Hilbert space, and that string-localized interactions suffice to make S-matrices string-independent while coinciding with gauge-theory results on indefinite spaces."}},"verdict_id":"9a4fce5a-54f7-4da1-be6c-b37fcf93d6a3"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56e92f154ea7b61d46e70629885c6349a8d994e695c8c985052df5bf2a55e0f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"26034355985e3cfbe93f4e7e2ae9782459bed6a40b0d4899217e2a16a472311b","cross_cats_sorted":["math-ph","math.MP"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2026-05-02T14:02:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"5e55b195b7c1cbf8e7785d56df2ecc55b8e79852708cd7be76821a4bb0160902"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.01453","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1a5d6399f061acc9921468ef7336189e1947f0c9b4fa055b1ddefe424456d61b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1a5d6399f061acc9921468ef7336189e1947f0c9b4fa055b1ddefe424456d61b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09.829013Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09.829013Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LLRxGUnx+4ccCoJMp3gkawY8z8j0PQQXx2l/T8PmiuNgkdZFx8TgN34lEZWWg8lN7U7ZHSBoqhAIaQAqmChTAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:05:09.829880Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.01453","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56e92f154ea7b61d46e70629885c6349a8d994e695c8c985052df5bf2a55e0f5","sha256:074d95a2a73cb68c113d0a92ac165f670aaa21d6f7ba4f27bdb624663fc05999"],"state_sha256":"37078abcb6eca07f077b24b39a9dde386f791f62f7018c98a754c2d81ed95d5f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ITN2dVifsYvW4tKMxQUOPzuDKk5HlKwRSOFXa1tbkc1W0r+bMK8QjFxVjvTXbLv3mJHp2GVPoNl6xIksmrYnCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T10:25:58.104779Z","bundle_sha256":"1b1ff8dccc1abb249fccfa431f9bbbd1749b44ba892ba0ff4c3d60a4d26d4f11"}}