{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI","short_pith_number":"pith:DKRIMZ3V","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.05410","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-02-08T02:20:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a2ebe5c409c84017bfdd4dfe221ea2b5a18f784c148f2a5316bf8e65e5791da","abstract_canon_sha256":"6608c468498506e2824c5ee069955801f8473e9b7af3664f2d3cc2e95defbee6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1aa2866775078271f3c80d18dd3db91a1876f4366697ee99521ed216cbc3ea97","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2502.05410","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.05410","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.05410v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.05410","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DKRIMZ3VA6BH","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46I","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DKRIMZ3V","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2502.05410","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-02-08T02:20:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a2ebe5c409c84017bfdd4dfe221ea2b5a18f784c148f2a5316bf8e65e5791da","abstract_canon_sha256":"6608c468498506e2824c5ee069955801f8473e9b7af3664f2d3cc2e95defbee6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1aa2866775078271f3c80d18dd3db91a1876f4366697ee99521ed216cbc3ea97","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37.687358Z","signature_b64":"h3lxbQRw9dmjNIb+FZ/B8apJNv0L+Ci5HLjn2zdjS88iLOeIV9dzAkfXpJ/WGL1DN49Gj70WDGLUbNs29LBrBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1aa2866775078271f3c80d18dd3db91a1876f4366697ee99521ed216cbc3ea97","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37.686876Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37.686876Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2502.05410","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g3X+Uvk7OritFnQgz2EYFNPeGNN8MBq/MvP/QW+CPFkhG3bBmhuksWoX25DyzQ1TcM7Eg35gScJof3gdb0C2Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:08:11.389558Z"},"content_sha256":"02a647f7e084b945f47f3948b4d00bd40c83c550aa66089282fffe629594e486","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:02a647f7e084b945f47f3948b4d00bd40c83c550aa66089282fffe629594e486"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reconfigurable nonlinear optical computing device for retina-inspired computing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Bing Xiong, Changzheng Sun, Hongtao Li, Hualong Ren, Jian Wang, Jiyuan Zheng, Lai Wang, Lin Gan, Peiyuan Zhao, Xiangwei Zeng, Xiayang Hua, Yanjun Han, Yi Luo, Zhibiao Hao","submitted_at":"2025-02-08T02:20:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Optical neural networks are at the forefront of computational innovation, utilizing photons as the primary carriers of information and employing optical components for computation. However, the fundamental nonlinear optical device in the neural networks is barely satisfied because of its high energy threshold and poor reconfigurability. This paper proposes and demonstrates an optical sigmoid-type nonlinear computation mode of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) biased beneath the threshold. The device is programmable by simply adjusting the injection current. The device exhibits s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.05410","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2502.05410/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6ve+VIc+1qRJucGzrnXMhzd3jyx0QxAOY3B5FbBprfZ0dy8SKI7ul4yLD2s3r6JysUu+tqm7iUz5HTLal/ZoDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:08:11.390138Z"},"content_sha256":"1f637d88d19d6bc97b8525848f9dae6809fa3c7536e1720beda1fc766d7e5fa5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1f637d88d19d6bc97b8525848f9dae6809fa3c7536e1720beda1fc766d7e5fa5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T12:08:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46IBUMN2PNZDI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6608c468498506e2824c5ee069955801f8473e9b7af3664f2d3cc2e95defbee6","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-02-08T02:20:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a2ebe5c409c84017bfdd4dfe221ea2b5a18f784c148f2a5316bf8e65e5791da"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.05410","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2502.05410","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2502.05410v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2502.05410","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DKRIMZ3VA6BH","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DKRIMZ3VA6BHD46I","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DKRIMZ3V","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1f637d88d19d6bc97b8525848f9dae6809fa3c7536e1720beda1fc766d7e5fa5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2502.05410/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Optical neural networks are at the forefront of computational innovation, utilizing photons as the primary carriers of information and employing optical components for computation. However, the fundamental nonlinear optical device in the neural networks is barely satisfied because of its high energy threshold and poor reconfigurability. This paper proposes and demonstrates an optical sigmoid-type nonlinear computation mode of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) biased beneath the threshold. The device is programmable by simply adjusting the injection current. The device exhibits s","authors_text":"Bing Xiong, Changzheng Sun, Hongtao Li, Hualong Ren, Jian Wang, Jiyuan Zheng, Lai Wang, Lin Gan, Peiyuan Zhao, Xiangwei Zeng, Xiayang Hua, Yanjun Han, Yi Luo, Zhibiao Hao","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-02-08T02:20:36Z","title":"Reconfigurable nonlinear optical computing device for retina-inspired computing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2502.05410","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:02a647f7e084b945f47f3948b4d00bd40c83c550aa66089282fffe629594e486","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6608c468498506e2824c5ee069955801f8473e9b7af3664f2d3cc2e95defbee6","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2025-02-08T02:20:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a2ebe5c409c84017bfdd4dfe221ea2b5a18f784c148f2a5316bf8e65e5791da"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2502.05410","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1aa2866775078271f3c80d18dd3db91a1876f4366697ee99521ed216cbc3ea97","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1aa2866775078271f3c80d18dd3db91a1876f4366697ee99521ed216cbc3ea97","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37.686876Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37.686876Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h3lxbQRw9dmjNIb+FZ/B8apJNv0L+Ci5HLjn2zdjS88iLOeIV9dzAkfXpJ/WGL1DN49Gj70WDGLUbNs29LBrBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:11:37.687358Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2502.05410","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:02a647f7e084b945f47f3948b4d00bd40c83c550aa66089282fffe629594e486","sha256:1f637d88d19d6bc97b8525848f9dae6809fa3c7536e1720beda1fc766d7e5fa5"],"state_sha256":"be18ca0bce82e6ec57251fedc6bcb161f045b2734d2c0904ddaf5ef624bc542c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tFTeiDm7DgpWuTHossF/NtqxpbaEl4jnozs9qNFBtCF2kEBQfoiFT+0Uw8IkmbC/6Vf9pw5zrpM66UzAh+KeAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:08:11.393901Z","bundle_sha256":"9409d246dff87fa79e68860e7f04285af67142a7a266884bc7847c5f23522de3"}}