{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX","short_pith_number":"pith:DOJBV54U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.05631","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T16:07:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"41a8e5a1b2d1b40369d160d55418eef144966ffb2d3a4572ce4f2795c0af24f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"6f2be90b7810a75d0513b5706be6f86afa883e87f5b75b992dc8cc5c731447e5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1b921af7947b8247dedd22cc34de7745cb5ba0ff845bedab4991d45b5634d2f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1802.05631","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.05631","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.05631v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.05631","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DOJBV54UPOBE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DOJBV54U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.05631","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T16:07:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"41a8e5a1b2d1b40369d160d55418eef144966ffb2d3a4572ce4f2795c0af24f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"6f2be90b7810a75d0513b5706be6f86afa883e87f5b75b992dc8cc5c731447e5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1b921af7947b8247dedd22cc34de7745cb5ba0ff845bedab4991d45b5634d2f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23.454476Z","signature_b64":"VHVouoED1a0YK7DeBQr56MifrXv5dGa0hwbcd+1vRWEUIfKJDYVFsn4ZwC3lAChq6McGqbj0I8jg6QVpofK3Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1b921af7947b8247dedd22cc34de7745cb5ba0ff845bedab4991d45b5634d2f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23.453940Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23.453940Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1802.05631","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5Cd4OXbnUxBMRl4wjVM5INBf8hGr3Eyvn8B1siS2RoPOTc+W/EVyxWlONnLFVzv0Ls0oqCTw0IfSAbaSDZS5BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T08:16:53.737942Z"},"content_sha256":"34c726b335fdccc8c638bf52d27389ca0ecef3ca78403899d1291530d20dcf93","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:34c726b335fdccc8c638bf52d27389ca0ecef3ca78403899d1291530d20dcf93"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct Estimation of Differences in Causal Graphs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Anastasiya Belyaeva, Caroline Uhler, Chandler Squires, Yuhao Wang","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T16:07:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the problem of estimating the differences between two causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with a shared topological order given i.i.d. samples from each model. This is of interest for example in genomics, where changes in the structure or edge weights of the underlying causal graphs reflect alterations in the gene regulatory networks. We here provide the first provably consistent method for directly estimating the differences in a pair of causal DAGs without separately learning two possibly large and dense DAG models and computing their difference. Our two-step algorithm fir"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05631","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qPZUof0YsXDw2oWlMs/LXFNZXoT3KXWyZDJREVyYLgnxXEP6HrU9a57dH7Z7x3DTX7yLb7ldfq7S5OB7AlOKBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T08:16:53.738661Z"},"content_sha256":"af9dbf2c9e2f0fac6c789a5973d035a7dc8e6e6105b8215c74f36e81eeab3f0f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:af9dbf2c9e2f0fac6c789a5973d035a7dc8e6e6105b8215c74f36e81eeab3f0f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T08:16:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5ELGDJXTXIX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6f2be90b7810a75d0513b5706be6f86afa883e87f5b75b992dc8cc5c731447e5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T16:07:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"41a8e5a1b2d1b40369d160d55418eef144966ffb2d3a4572ce4f2795c0af24f4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.05631","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.05631","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.05631v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.05631","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DOJBV54UPOBE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DOJBV54UPOBEPXW5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DOJBV54U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:af9dbf2c9e2f0fac6c789a5973d035a7dc8e6e6105b8215c74f36e81eeab3f0f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the problem of estimating the differences between two causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with a shared topological order given i.i.d. samples from each model. This is of interest for example in genomics, where changes in the structure or edge weights of the underlying causal graphs reflect alterations in the gene regulatory networks. We here provide the first provably consistent method for directly estimating the differences in a pair of causal DAGs without separately learning two possibly large and dense DAG models and computing their difference. Our two-step algorithm fir","authors_text":"Anastasiya Belyaeva, Caroline Uhler, Chandler Squires, Yuhao Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T16:07:38Z","title":"Direct Estimation of Differences in Causal Graphs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05631","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:34c726b335fdccc8c638bf52d27389ca0ecef3ca78403899d1291530d20dcf93","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6f2be90b7810a75d0513b5706be6f86afa883e87f5b75b992dc8cc5c731447e5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-02-15T16:07:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"41a8e5a1b2d1b40369d160d55418eef144966ffb2d3a4572ce4f2795c0af24f4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.05631","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"1b921af7947b8247dedd22cc34de7745cb5ba0ff845bedab4991d45b5634d2f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1b921af7947b8247dedd22cc34de7745cb5ba0ff845bedab4991d45b5634d2f4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23.453940Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23.453940Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VHVouoED1a0YK7DeBQr56MifrXv5dGa0hwbcd+1vRWEUIfKJDYVFsn4ZwC3lAChq6McGqbj0I8jg6QVpofK3Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:23.454476Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1802.05631","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:34c726b335fdccc8c638bf52d27389ca0ecef3ca78403899d1291530d20dcf93","sha256:af9dbf2c9e2f0fac6c789a5973d035a7dc8e6e6105b8215c74f36e81eeab3f0f"],"state_sha256":"32db01da18f70c72894208aad7123fa9b13e39bcae86d6131a5a5c9aafe34dde"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9doPvxtLmu4i/gzq3s5kqYUrwGF5IfnKNbZY/5yv8K/ZmHX1VPrC/OrWQ9Q2p7QQKcyQjjVBEUrHziHntEAsCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T08:16:53.742722Z","bundle_sha256":"bace4105c8105ef0efc0b240481c87369f427eaaeb2db29b99301fc49509f2e7"}}