{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV","short_pith_number":"pith:DQQB2EPM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.02865","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-10-08T18:04:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"947ff71b9ac776090cd0844f96ba7068615a823a46e5c68938d548c1043bbd28","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8d44d86c399ddfe379b90fd325a50d4e81491255f0e1a80ef49feedcbaea07"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c201d11ec448bdc22e3dbc407a199654f94bfee7b2a8518ada6aea5a103bc27","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1710.02865","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.02865","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.02865v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.02865","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DQQB2EPMISF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DQQB2EPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.02865","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-10-08T18:04:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"947ff71b9ac776090cd0844f96ba7068615a823a46e5c68938d548c1043bbd28","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8d44d86c399ddfe379b90fd325a50d4e81491255f0e1a80ef49feedcbaea07"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c201d11ec448bdc22e3dbc407a199654f94bfee7b2a8518ada6aea5a103bc27","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34.616996Z","signature_b64":"I7LdhlouoZ9yYKafb6tKR7oFAC2uH73pCgOmb037i0EDKsPhOsamVxuEtODpN4i8Cim94VeHFwvn8/r8oMEjDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1c201d11ec448bdc22e3dbc407a199654f94bfee7b2a8518ada6aea5a103bc27","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34.616344Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34.616344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1710.02865","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6nxq3ynPB1IH78PrATe55KUCC3//Ek9/PA3Vuy48yXpKcc1ZixMsNwKsyAVeVE1P19NE/piIlxc6+sEomYAGAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T00:46:41.031236Z"},"content_sha256":"6a0b9cd2126e51956e5a9d6de759daf0c7a34a8023a7b17bc2618b84cb7b64b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6a0b9cd2126e51956e5a9d6de759daf0c7a34a8023a7b17bc2618b84cb7b64b0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Primordial black hole formation by vacuum bubbles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Alexander Vilenkin, Heling Deng","submitted_at":"2017-10-08T18:04:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vacuum bubbles may nucleate during the inflationary epoch and expand, reaching relativistic speeds. After inflation ends, the bubbles are quickly slowed down, transferring their momentum to a shock wave that propagates outwards in the radiation background. The ultimate fate of the bubble depends on its size. Bubbles smaller than certain critical size collapse to ordinary black holes, while in the supercritical case the bubble interior inflates, forming a baby universe, which is connected to the exterior region by a wormhole. The wormhole then closes up, turning into two black holes at its two "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.02865","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O7LioaMu0Sr0I0jGIbl2+c0MDf1KfFl7qFfRQXb0FjQSwGS4UrYOibcoDFUW0A3kzO4lZXQKd9Zo3iVXPrFMBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T00:46:41.032115Z"},"content_sha256":"251ffc84f9acbf3cee0d58037f01cb7532e590125d469f17c72bbb52eaae95e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:251ffc84f9acbf3cee0d58037f01cb7532e590125d469f17c72bbb52eaae95e1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T00:46:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD3PCAPIMZMV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8d44d86c399ddfe379b90fd325a50d4e81491255f0e1a80ef49feedcbaea07","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-10-08T18:04:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"947ff71b9ac776090cd0844f96ba7068615a823a46e5c68938d548c1043bbd28"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.02865","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.02865","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.02865v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.02865","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DQQB2EPMISF5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DQQB2EPMISF5YIXD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DQQB2EPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:251ffc84f9acbf3cee0d58037f01cb7532e590125d469f17c72bbb52eaae95e1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Vacuum bubbles may nucleate during the inflationary epoch and expand, reaching relativistic speeds. After inflation ends, the bubbles are quickly slowed down, transferring their momentum to a shock wave that propagates outwards in the radiation background. The ultimate fate of the bubble depends on its size. Bubbles smaller than certain critical size collapse to ordinary black holes, while in the supercritical case the bubble interior inflates, forming a baby universe, which is connected to the exterior region by a wormhole. The wormhole then closes up, turning into two black holes at its two ","authors_text":"Alexander Vilenkin, Heling Deng","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-10-08T18:04:57Z","title":"Primordial black hole formation by vacuum bubbles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.02865","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6a0b9cd2126e51956e5a9d6de759daf0c7a34a8023a7b17bc2618b84cb7b64b0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8d44d86c399ddfe379b90fd325a50d4e81491255f0e1a80ef49feedcbaea07","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-10-08T18:04:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"947ff71b9ac776090cd0844f96ba7068615a823a46e5c68938d548c1043bbd28"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.02865","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1c201d11ec448bdc22e3dbc407a199654f94bfee7b2a8518ada6aea5a103bc27","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1c201d11ec448bdc22e3dbc407a199654f94bfee7b2a8518ada6aea5a103bc27","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34.616344Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34.616344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"I7LdhlouoZ9yYKafb6tKR7oFAC2uH73pCgOmb037i0EDKsPhOsamVxuEtODpN4i8Cim94VeHFwvn8/r8oMEjDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:21:34.616996Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1710.02865","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6a0b9cd2126e51956e5a9d6de759daf0c7a34a8023a7b17bc2618b84cb7b64b0","sha256:251ffc84f9acbf3cee0d58037f01cb7532e590125d469f17c72bbb52eaae95e1"],"state_sha256":"fe024400c579b7a7ce0dd7db7aa8b2d275ddcf8b53f6683ec0c2baefd90f9b21"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eiH1FL5palSmazo4erI2Q3OzAr+H/cmZwTmfrgJv2b7VSd6iyz8c8qEj5IC+IiXJ7RU3fViDh+Jx91xn40ZzBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T00:46:41.035827Z","bundle_sha256":"c16850ddebdd711ec78a19f7b479fe9acbe0837d58efdf69de0cfc42d2ec37df"}}