{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7","short_pith_number":"pith:DQYXNP35","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.2621","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2014-07-09T20:02:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6fe96d8a7281165778607d35b45aa441480c2f7ddad2c7dcbac0bf0830835bb","abstract_canon_sha256":"59ab3a459735d0700a094138b82235715315ff4a580885cbc4ab7812c12ffa72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c3176bf7d2dc93eb7f92778644fd1c7e37ee87b279e7edc091c1adc1ed6af05","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1407.2621","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.2621","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.2621v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.2621","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DQYXNP35FXET","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DQYXNP35FXET5N7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DQYXNP35","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.2621","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2014-07-09T20:02:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"f6fe96d8a7281165778607d35b45aa441480c2f7ddad2c7dcbac0bf0830835bb","abstract_canon_sha256":"59ab3a459735d0700a094138b82235715315ff4a580885cbc4ab7812c12ffa72"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c3176bf7d2dc93eb7f92778644fd1c7e37ee87b279e7edc091c1adc1ed6af05","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39.472521Z","signature_b64":"uIJ+YLVgqaCHIl7KtEunhojzbsvRUWyIIWo29i6e+CUhlxxPJ4GQ/ZVRMbvmH/u+V4bhMWh09zgvu9mZDQLrBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1c3176bf7d2dc93eb7f92778644fd1c7e37ee87b279e7edc091c1adc1ed6af05","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39.472091Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39.472091Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1407.2621","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MMdxY23KTsFks8Po8BWb6nqh/3iT35hb7a2cB5hJR/7+JMLSt3fW7+yP/WDuxs9xiO/67RaPDJRB/M9AC5EoBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T15:49:01.702421Z"},"content_sha256":"367907c303b6e5b9d47cfeb8a5ed36518fa96d72fdbce83e748df0526de5f1bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:367907c303b6e5b9d47cfeb8a5ed36518fa96d72fdbce83e748df0526de5f1bf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"B-modes and the Nature of Inflation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Daniel Baumann, Daniel Green, Rafael A. Porto","submitted_at":"2014-07-09T20:02:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Observations of the cosmic microwave background do not yet determine whether inflation was driven by a slowly-rolling scalar field or involved another physical mechanism. In this paper we discuss the prospects of using the power spectra of scalar and tensor modes to probe the nature of inflation. We focus on the leading modification to the slow-roll dynamics, which entails a sound speed $c_s$ for the scalar fluctuations. We derive analytically a lower bound on $c_s$ in terms of a given tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, taking into account the difference in the freeze-out times between the scalar and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.2621","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x/MZik2BPWWkxcmzTMGo3SVHD1BA9fK4LaHwBgqwDHfHT1cGgORJop9hY5+ToolOASvq0LwTp+k11DXh2DhUCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T15:49:01.702971Z"},"content_sha256":"39488ada21db5f0dc5d6e744c83add28b8df4c1008a784263f029fd33963117a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:39488ada21db5f0dc5d6e744c83add28b8df4c1008a784263f029fd33963117a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T15:49:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DQYXNP35FXET5N7ZE54GIT6RY7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"59ab3a459735d0700a094138b82235715315ff4a580885cbc4ab7812c12ffa72","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2014-07-09T20:02:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6fe96d8a7281165778607d35b45aa441480c2f7ddad2c7dcbac0bf0830835bb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.2621","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.2621","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.2621v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.2621","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DQYXNP35FXET","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DQYXNP35FXET5N7Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DQYXNP35","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:39488ada21db5f0dc5d6e744c83add28b8df4c1008a784263f029fd33963117a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Observations of the cosmic microwave background do not yet determine whether inflation was driven by a slowly-rolling scalar field or involved another physical mechanism. In this paper we discuss the prospects of using the power spectra of scalar and tensor modes to probe the nature of inflation. We focus on the leading modification to the slow-roll dynamics, which entails a sound speed $c_s$ for the scalar fluctuations. We derive analytically a lower bound on $c_s$ in terms of a given tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, taking into account the difference in the freeze-out times between the scalar and","authors_text":"Daniel Baumann, Daniel Green, Rafael A. Porto","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2014-07-09T20:02:02Z","title":"B-modes and the Nature of Inflation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.2621","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:367907c303b6e5b9d47cfeb8a5ed36518fa96d72fdbce83e748df0526de5f1bf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"59ab3a459735d0700a094138b82235715315ff4a580885cbc4ab7812c12ffa72","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2014-07-09T20:02:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6fe96d8a7281165778607d35b45aa441480c2f7ddad2c7dcbac0bf0830835bb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.2621","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1c3176bf7d2dc93eb7f92778644fd1c7e37ee87b279e7edc091c1adc1ed6af05","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1c3176bf7d2dc93eb7f92778644fd1c7e37ee87b279e7edc091c1adc1ed6af05","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39.472091Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39.472091Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uIJ+YLVgqaCHIl7KtEunhojzbsvRUWyIIWo29i6e+CUhlxxPJ4GQ/ZVRMbvmH/u+V4bhMWh09zgvu9mZDQLrBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:24:39.472521Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1407.2621","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:367907c303b6e5b9d47cfeb8a5ed36518fa96d72fdbce83e748df0526de5f1bf","sha256:39488ada21db5f0dc5d6e744c83add28b8df4c1008a784263f029fd33963117a"],"state_sha256":"27bdc7dbf8da747856adb087b4bc6f7186df25f363be619e3c158e2437c0c7e8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sS52U3iFp/pmotKnzdENrIhU85z4uyKj4tXeNHrEDOQEe+Sp+9G1URdFAg7oXY49013rhEwn/07sKBBR2q3KAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T15:49:01.705468Z","bundle_sha256":"23862181905b55ef377bdb53cd26d67fb17ff4d4c4a52697e71f96b6c4d8dba8"}}