{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU","short_pith_number":"pith:DROZHJNK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.00628","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-02T12:46:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cd3beeb46c6b71a529fd8800fe944ff80cc7b00548990da4732151b2445c9d3a","abstract_canon_sha256":"606affa356854bbae105c3a44d438f44b09e3843d5ec3c421be38d3ece171aef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c5d93a5aae6e7383de655afaa68a67d03eca2f1c45ad42181aa9958b068c4b3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2301.00628","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.00628","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.00628v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.00628","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DROZHJNK43TT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DROZHJNK43TTQPPG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DROZHJNK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.00628","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-02T12:46:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cd3beeb46c6b71a529fd8800fe944ff80cc7b00548990da4732151b2445c9d3a","abstract_canon_sha256":"606affa356854bbae105c3a44d438f44b09e3843d5ec3c421be38d3ece171aef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c5d93a5aae6e7383de655afaa68a67d03eca2f1c45ad42181aa9958b068c4b3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58.617376Z","signature_b64":"GO1t2Jh3tcCuj8i6iautko/B3U+qc/EQ9KplZEXulpjOYJ16I3HM5bzyABQys5CGbsu+RryBQGw7rQ/6vISiAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1c5d93a5aae6e7383de655afaa68a67d03eca2f1c45ad42181aa9958b068c4b3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58.617019Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58.617019Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2301.00628","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kI/FBTFb+aw/m8SfDnn1j3TspVs1gIek8wC9gXz0xQjU3DtA39iZN3JsnPBvIRS7OHQmYvUtlgT7e7rGlTH9CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T04:42:45.863414Z"},"content_sha256":"27189329425960c0cac8b33fc562aa7c29a23977ba16847b44abbc836912ee6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:27189329425960c0cac8b33fc562aa7c29a23977ba16847b44abbc836912ee6f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Using Active Learning Methods to Strategically Select Essays for Automated Scoring","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Hamid Mohammadi, Mark J. Gierl, Tahereh Firoozi","submitted_at":"2023-01-02T12:46:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Research on automated essay scoring has become increasing important because it serves as a method for evaluating students' written-responses at scale. Scalable methods for scoring written responses are needed as students migrate to online learning environments resulting in the need to evaluate large numbers of written-response assessments. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate three active learning methods than can be used to minimize the number of essays that must be scored by human raters while still providing the data needed to train a modern automated essay scoring system. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.00628","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2301.00628/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2siLdIPqM3T+zAEDGdZS5huFNDSwj6xuDknsMq/Q/iieQSJWv5qJeRlbhFjvej1tEz+q8qzWJjT3e4M8iyT1DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T04:42:45.863981Z"},"content_sha256":"04d9b4d3ce8c2e4abf79cfa56f3291f47537f297af6f0bb620d429421b98d07c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:04d9b4d3ce8c2e4abf79cfa56f3291f47537f297af6f0bb620d429421b98d07c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T04:42:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:DROZHJNK43TTQPPGKWX2U2FGPU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"606affa356854bbae105c3a44d438f44b09e3843d5ec3c421be38d3ece171aef","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-02T12:46:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"cd3beeb46c6b71a529fd8800fe944ff80cc7b00548990da4732151b2445c9d3a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.00628","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.00628","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.00628v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.00628","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DROZHJNK43TT","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DROZHJNK43TTQPPG","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DROZHJNK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:04d9b4d3ce8c2e4abf79cfa56f3291f47537f297af6f0bb620d429421b98d07c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.00628/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Research on automated essay scoring has become increasing important because it serves as a method for evaluating students' written-responses at scale. Scalable methods for scoring written responses are needed as students migrate to online learning environments resulting in the need to evaluate large numbers of written-response assessments. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate three active learning methods than can be used to minimize the number of essays that must be scored by human raters while still providing the data needed to train a modern automated essay scoring system. ","authors_text":"Hamid Mohammadi, Mark J. Gierl, Tahereh Firoozi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-02T12:46:10Z","title":"Using Active Learning Methods to Strategically Select Essays for Automated Scoring"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.00628","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:27189329425960c0cac8b33fc562aa7c29a23977ba16847b44abbc836912ee6f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"606affa356854bbae105c3a44d438f44b09e3843d5ec3c421be38d3ece171aef","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-01-02T12:46:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"cd3beeb46c6b71a529fd8800fe944ff80cc7b00548990da4732151b2445c9d3a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.00628","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1c5d93a5aae6e7383de655afaa68a67d03eca2f1c45ad42181aa9958b068c4b3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1c5d93a5aae6e7383de655afaa68a67d03eca2f1c45ad42181aa9958b068c4b3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58.617019Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58.617019Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GO1t2Jh3tcCuj8i6iautko/B3U+qc/EQ9KplZEXulpjOYJ16I3HM5bzyABQys5CGbsu+RryBQGw7rQ/6vISiAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:00:58.617376Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.00628","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:27189329425960c0cac8b33fc562aa7c29a23977ba16847b44abbc836912ee6f","sha256:04d9b4d3ce8c2e4abf79cfa56f3291f47537f297af6f0bb620d429421b98d07c"],"state_sha256":"0e0fef2a20dbf451f33c7dad2b0868f624a50d93c45118c14f57b35a6154efa6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eNk2yrf4SZ/jiOYPbsy1j5FyQhKCAhsV1AaKLq7f+fwL0WWDEiiSZ1aH90R/fThtiIRbgTJKQwQDdefx2rWkAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T04:42:45.868108Z","bundle_sha256":"db14a7bf8367a76111e047d44d8b42b0a77d934b73b1e007022a5e1dbd361fe5"}}