{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL","short_pith_number":"pith:DSIV43ZJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-08T15:18:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"419b87405e0bb6066f05845158502740c3698d9bea2ac0906fc4af8debb8fa5e","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c5c14ef40defa220983d9d63f33cdb2ba9fe85e80951b43f52381c1e187401c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c915e6f29ba146263887461cedb78baf26bf67a4104e1603ce4d45b9936f22d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1606.02597","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.02597v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DSIV43ZJXIKG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DSIV43ZJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-08T15:18:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"419b87405e0bb6066f05845158502740c3698d9bea2ac0906fc4af8debb8fa5e","abstract_canon_sha256":"1c5c14ef40defa220983d9d63f33cdb2ba9fe85e80951b43f52381c1e187401c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c915e6f29ba146263887461cedb78baf26bf67a4104e1603ce4d45b9936f22d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23.892750Z","signature_b64":"v9iFgfQvGPC5xC3y7UnEOPYTcI9rH1qiXmYOeJbnEL11ApHArj2UBMsQ0w7n0PWCGuPQUoEMS2jcUor6wSxqDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1c915e6f29ba146263887461cedb78baf26bf67a4104e1603ce4d45b9936f22d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23.892176Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23.892176Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1606.02597","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dBD71Isoq18DUQZqzh01hWPlgxBzkfTX9sFCKsbfWsiQlf0HEMRNidgxzQSo3pUB+f9LD29FgWSlAYt22a1RAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T17:03:00.692000Z"},"content_sha256":"746dfc800c780b613142c8856facf3bb1764d75691dc2a7a62a27c7f70bf17ef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:746dfc800c780b613142c8856facf3bb1764d75691dc2a7a62a27c7f70bf17ef"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Excess reciprocity distorts reputation in online social networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Fabio Caccioli, Giacomo Livan, Tomaso Aste","submitted_at":"2016-06-08T15:18:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"The peer-to-peer (P2P) economy relies on establishing trust in distributed networked systems, where the reliability of a user is assessed through digital peer-review processes that aggregate ratings into reputation scores. Here we present evidence of a network effect which biases digital reputation, revealing that P2P networks display exceedingly high levels of reciprocity. In fact, these are much higher than those compatible with a null assumption that preserves the empirically observed level of agreement between all pairs of nodes, and rather close to the highest levels structurally compatib"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YKbyZ4/TRjJwvgWUtwW+7pZP+7g+EJ75clcJJQxyXip5fYHPM4v3S7xNkl6ggOMyjd47bg+GFknx5bS5/qFvAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T17:03:00.692751Z"},"content_sha256":"146bded66ffc3fce7134d1fcf09bf793d518f4637dfa862616a427b3d6fa5ab1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:146bded66ffc3fce7134d1fcf09bf793d518f4637dfa862616a427b3d6fa5ab1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T17:03:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4IORQ45W3YXL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c5c14ef40defa220983d9d63f33cdb2ba9fe85e80951b43f52381c1e187401c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-08T15:18:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"419b87405e0bb6066f05845158502740c3698d9bea2ac0906fc4af8debb8fa5e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.02597v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.02597","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DSIV43ZJXIKG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DSIV43ZJXIKGEY4I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DSIV43ZJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:146bded66ffc3fce7134d1fcf09bf793d518f4637dfa862616a427b3d6fa5ab1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The peer-to-peer (P2P) economy relies on establishing trust in distributed networked systems, where the reliability of a user is assessed through digital peer-review processes that aggregate ratings into reputation scores. Here we present evidence of a network effect which biases digital reputation, revealing that P2P networks display exceedingly high levels of reciprocity. In fact, these are much higher than those compatible with a null assumption that preserves the empirically observed level of agreement between all pairs of nodes, and rather close to the highest levels structurally compatib","authors_text":"Fabio Caccioli, Giacomo Livan, Tomaso Aste","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-08T15:18:23Z","title":"Excess reciprocity distorts reputation in online social networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:746dfc800c780b613142c8856facf3bb1764d75691dc2a7a62a27c7f70bf17ef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1c5c14ef40defa220983d9d63f33cdb2ba9fe85e80951b43f52381c1e187401c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2016-06-08T15:18:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"419b87405e0bb6066f05845158502740c3698d9bea2ac0906fc4af8debb8fa5e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.02597","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1c915e6f29ba146263887461cedb78baf26bf67a4104e1603ce4d45b9936f22d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1c915e6f29ba146263887461cedb78baf26bf67a4104e1603ce4d45b9936f22d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23.892176Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23.892176Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"v9iFgfQvGPC5xC3y7UnEOPYTcI9rH1qiXmYOeJbnEL11ApHArj2UBMsQ0w7n0PWCGuPQUoEMS2jcUor6wSxqDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:23.892750Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1606.02597","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:746dfc800c780b613142c8856facf3bb1764d75691dc2a7a62a27c7f70bf17ef","sha256:146bded66ffc3fce7134d1fcf09bf793d518f4637dfa862616a427b3d6fa5ab1"],"state_sha256":"d9e212412fba96436867410a6644c6ca33acd3481eb5a16e3b7aab52293d105b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l8yelvkZGl6L73laMDL/AqgEWl6DNIB+lJMCEMBxM4+Cco5hdZDiRM94F4WaqKYCLQFp1QeuU9RA65jBjsNhBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T17:03:00.696278Z","bundle_sha256":"7db3b36a3d487bb096bca31f400b8d9ab55dcd3c34f8adb8ca5274bdde6f42af"}}