{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ","short_pith_number":"pith:DSKH26UL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.09332","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T20:41:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"9594c7a2c874b3319b53f19160c7abbe20585cdad02e4d4fb44c5cf19798329a","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7e3b0816e0e12275d813d7972f9c64d5fb7db74d09f4d40c10ad062f26214a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c947d7a8bac45a5946e88c310414c4c09f77549be13b45e408584edc1297a31","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2508.09332","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.09332","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.09332v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.09332","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DSKH26ULVRC2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DSKH26ULVRC2LFDO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DSKH26UL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2508.09332","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T20:41:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"9594c7a2c874b3319b53f19160c7abbe20585cdad02e4d4fb44c5cf19798329a","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7e3b0816e0e12275d813d7972f9c64d5fb7db74d09f4d40c10ad062f26214a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1c947d7a8bac45a5946e88c310414c4c09f77549be13b45e408584edc1297a31","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12.681466Z","signature_b64":"yfCTxQ5Zkn9Gg1j1JL3Hhln9LyTdfPeNu/gjUx+joXvtZaGpNBJ7qh7ZtvSfGsCAH6ojamGpq79C6d0foUqaBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1c947d7a8bac45a5946e88c310414c4c09f77549be13b45e408584edc1297a31","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12.681005Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12.681005Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2508.09332","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OiPKVQYYFPCi1tN1xR46Edhn19VD7okf7tWmLyyXsJNEF/9TrqIY6raOa/HlP6A7pMMdwsKT3UUfdhU5PYujCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:02:03.987364Z"},"content_sha256":"63d4be0e96ff298a88f36093bad153c80abcd65e02a78f6ab43f1a829ec9a401","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:63d4be0e96ff298a88f36093bad153c80abcd65e02a78f6ab43f1a829ec9a401"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Teaching Code Refactoring Using LLMs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Aarya Rajoju, Anshul Khairnar, Edward F. Gehringer","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T20:41:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"This Innovative Practice full paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance the teaching of code refactoring in software engineering courses through real-time, context-aware feedback. Refactoring improves code quality but is difficult to teach, especially with complex, real-world codebases. Traditional methods like code reviews and static analysis tools offer limited, inconsistent feedback. Our approach integrates LLM-assisted refactoring into a course project using structured prompts to help students identify and address code smells such as long methods and low cohesion. Impleme"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.09332","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.09332/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+tEML52CCy6c5s6yrdclYiXJ9ZrJvYJEQRsdE/0v+aPCuaxzINPt1Sibz+cfeFvnq6ujQeo+o44BVAq7v83OAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:02:03.987849Z"},"content_sha256":"bb55a2c0da63244f6b51c703872865c54c04720ac2084ddd3c4e714cd2e6e1ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb55a2c0da63244f6b51c703872865c54c04720ac2084ddd3c4e714cd2e6e1ce"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T01:02:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:DSKH26ULVRC2LFDORDBRAQKMJQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7e3b0816e0e12275d813d7972f9c64d5fb7db74d09f4d40c10ad062f26214a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T20:41:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"9594c7a2c874b3319b53f19160c7abbe20585cdad02e4d4fb44c5cf19798329a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.09332","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2508.09332","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2508.09332v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2508.09332","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DSKH26ULVRC2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DSKH26ULVRC2LFDO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DSKH26UL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bb55a2c0da63244f6b51c703872865c54c04720ac2084ddd3c4e714cd2e6e1ce","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2508.09332/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This Innovative Practice full paper explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance the teaching of code refactoring in software engineering courses through real-time, context-aware feedback. Refactoring improves code quality but is difficult to teach, especially with complex, real-world codebases. Traditional methods like code reviews and static analysis tools offer limited, inconsistent feedback. Our approach integrates LLM-assisted refactoring into a course project using structured prompts to help students identify and address code smells such as long methods and low cohesion. Impleme","authors_text":"Aarya Rajoju, Anshul Khairnar, Edward F. Gehringer","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T20:41:19Z","title":"Teaching Code Refactoring Using LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.09332","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:63d4be0e96ff298a88f36093bad153c80abcd65e02a78f6ab43f1a829ec9a401","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f7e3b0816e0e12275d813d7972f9c64d5fb7db74d09f4d40c10ad062f26214a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-08-12T20:41:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"9594c7a2c874b3319b53f19160c7abbe20585cdad02e4d4fb44c5cf19798329a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2508.09332","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1c947d7a8bac45a5946e88c310414c4c09f77549be13b45e408584edc1297a31","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1c947d7a8bac45a5946e88c310414c4c09f77549be13b45e408584edc1297a31","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12.681005Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12.681005Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yfCTxQ5Zkn9Gg1j1JL3Hhln9LyTdfPeNu/gjUx+joXvtZaGpNBJ7qh7ZtvSfGsCAH6ojamGpq79C6d0foUqaBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:53:12.681466Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2508.09332","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:63d4be0e96ff298a88f36093bad153c80abcd65e02a78f6ab43f1a829ec9a401","sha256:bb55a2c0da63244f6b51c703872865c54c04720ac2084ddd3c4e714cd2e6e1ce"],"state_sha256":"c9765adb6a9ff2c8cf499a8706b98ff347a7f30a8899a8716f83ad1b9e6d04b2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kdPKg4pYUQdWQOHnzEXR48/Ki14QL3p12jkw5dYjDKV5sdgbTQ7JX2PZLfBHQGsRTnEIfVys9QUtsszefdYjCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:02:03.991507Z","bundle_sha256":"bde259e544712e3c6225923a1ab42f837f7767bc10d0ba3af2678e6e34d59417"}}