{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS","short_pith_number":"pith:DSXUK55Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.5341","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-07-23T10:19:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7be8c01811ca719fee154c8fe4d50c7ccd61de59fbc5b61ade011b92b32d382c","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3b2fccf45eb8539901e9537d8c1cdb1d839c16e25a3a37fce8571cd88cbd080"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1caf4577b0b1c8866480a2b7d91bc664b9e137149b0f8c5135cbaadb4bfc217b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1207.5341","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.5341","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.5341v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.5341","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DSXUK55QWHEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DSXUK55QWHEIMZEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DSXUK55Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.5341","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-07-23T10:19:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7be8c01811ca719fee154c8fe4d50c7ccd61de59fbc5b61ade011b92b32d382c","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3b2fccf45eb8539901e9537d8c1cdb1d839c16e25a3a37fce8571cd88cbd080"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1caf4577b0b1c8866480a2b7d91bc664b9e137149b0f8c5135cbaadb4bfc217b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09.177378Z","signature_b64":"um+RTVZeVXcN8CV+fkJOXZ2M8mEjoxoP9cbxjwBYXX/b/KAI0lbK1dFob+l9uE6ItovTtavrckiMf6orarVOCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1caf4577b0b1c8866480a2b7d91bc664b9e137149b0f8c5135cbaadb4bfc217b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09.176697Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09.176697Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1207.5341","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/oAxMNushyJkSGwswCWHZQZ/tN9fY8xH1KeFYY2kv60Rcs5VR8FIydf1X1/CNdXPKicNnDQ3SbEn7IVHtcx0AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T13:38:46.422363Z"},"content_sha256":"72132e884673f40594b5a6987cae4a4e7f109d238a5dfc47bafa35e3cb4586eb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:72132e884673f40594b5a6987cae4a4e7f109d238a5dfc47bafa35e3cb4586eb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Frequency Conversion in a High Q-factor Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator due to Paramagnetic Nonlinearity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Daniel L. Creedon, Karim Benmessai, Michael E. Tobar","submitted_at":"2012-07-23T10:19:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Nonlinear frequency conversion is a well known and widely exploited family of effects in optics, often arising from a Kerr nonlinearity in a crystal medium. Here, we report high stability frequency conversion in the microwave regime due to a $\\chi^{(3)}$ nonlinearity in sapphire introduced by a dilute concentration of paramagnetic spins. First, we produce a high stability comb from two microwave fields at 12.029 and 12.037 GHz corresponding to two high $Q$-factor Whispering Gallery (WG) modes within the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) bandwidth of the Fe$^{3+}$ ion. The resulting comb is generat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.5341","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FaxnHugHpluh1WAav7kyzYyIX7B4ORIiwxsmd85GNXC89IZLMaqO6DuOFWkCx2hbN2H+4lCstm3QhRRaix+EAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T13:38:46.422707Z"},"content_sha256":"68cf3d807832b8d8b9acd95fc231a6d8da64ac6b025daca82a8bfec1d81111e4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:68cf3d807832b8d8b9acd95fc231a6d8da64ac6b025daca82a8bfec1d81111e4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T13:38:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:DSXUK55QWHEIMZEAUK35SG6GMS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3b2fccf45eb8539901e9537d8c1cdb1d839c16e25a3a37fce8571cd88cbd080","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-07-23T10:19:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"7be8c01811ca719fee154c8fe4d50c7ccd61de59fbc5b61ade011b92b32d382c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.5341","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.5341","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.5341v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.5341","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DSXUK55QWHEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DSXUK55QWHEIMZEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DSXUK55Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:68cf3d807832b8d8b9acd95fc231a6d8da64ac6b025daca82a8bfec1d81111e4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Nonlinear frequency conversion is a well known and widely exploited family of effects in optics, often arising from a Kerr nonlinearity in a crystal medium. Here, we report high stability frequency conversion in the microwave regime due to a $\\chi^{(3)}$ nonlinearity in sapphire introduced by a dilute concentration of paramagnetic spins. First, we produce a high stability comb from two microwave fields at 12.029 and 12.037 GHz corresponding to two high $Q$-factor Whispering Gallery (WG) modes within the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) bandwidth of the Fe$^{3+}$ ion. The resulting comb is generat","authors_text":"Daniel L. Creedon, Karim Benmessai, Michael E. Tobar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-07-23T10:19:25Z","title":"Frequency Conversion in a High Q-factor Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator due to Paramagnetic Nonlinearity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.5341","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:72132e884673f40594b5a6987cae4a4e7f109d238a5dfc47bafa35e3cb4586eb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3b2fccf45eb8539901e9537d8c1cdb1d839c16e25a3a37fce8571cd88cbd080","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2012-07-23T10:19:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"7be8c01811ca719fee154c8fe4d50c7ccd61de59fbc5b61ade011b92b32d382c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.5341","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"1caf4577b0b1c8866480a2b7d91bc664b9e137149b0f8c5135cbaadb4bfc217b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1caf4577b0b1c8866480a2b7d91bc664b9e137149b0f8c5135cbaadb4bfc217b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09.176697Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09.176697Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"um+RTVZeVXcN8CV+fkJOXZ2M8mEjoxoP9cbxjwBYXX/b/KAI0lbK1dFob+l9uE6ItovTtavrckiMf6orarVOCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:09.177378Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1207.5341","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:72132e884673f40594b5a6987cae4a4e7f109d238a5dfc47bafa35e3cb4586eb","sha256:68cf3d807832b8d8b9acd95fc231a6d8da64ac6b025daca82a8bfec1d81111e4"],"state_sha256":"ccb93c638968dfa4917fcf1b4834c284163ec4b687194da38c3924448a13e92a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LiLz1+uoQyRLbqVsHSGv++1Fp5h7RXnXFRAHYRU9f1WR/xplQBeljEMApBbdZHz96LQLYP8YChWVaLKp1GNgCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T13:38:46.424563Z","bundle_sha256":"69517d911554b70367c98bec0a38e231877ece96d91bdffe50528733d8d1d89d"}}