{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX","short_pith_number":"pith:DTTVJMCD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.06826","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-25T22:01:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a17341a0fb5ee591b6398b56eedbc1bbe11abf66049c2c3a0efee211a9a2ec4","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ded6d004ba49078835002e9fbc148ca029ec0f6050f87fbb3221a1607dba81a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1ce754b04324802ea6033260e9eddf55d1106436a9811548b5fe2fb02ae79b7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.06826","version":8},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.06826","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.06826v8","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.06826","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DTTVJMCDESAC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DTTVJMCDESAC5JQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DTTVJMCD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.06826","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-25T22:01:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a17341a0fb5ee591b6398b56eedbc1bbe11abf66049c2c3a0efee211a9a2ec4","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ded6d004ba49078835002e9fbc148ca029ec0f6050f87fbb3221a1607dba81a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1ce754b04324802ea6033260e9eddf55d1106436a9811548b5fe2fb02ae79b7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30.492916Z","signature_b64":"WXl74eKN4Pb6bVXCpaaqpeI3eN/U8LfC5FVBoGSbl78oyjOiqcZcV9sJtf0Hc+bcStlKwYRQFPbBHpSfXRkoDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1ce754b04324802ea6033260e9eddf55d1106436a9811548b5fe2fb02ae79b7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30.492421Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30.492421Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.06826","source_version":8,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pJ7mnmxm6G2AhwE6ss3LWK+FK3Xra+GMW+C54mBK+puFwO0HSLJgZ0WA4j3lKu8OggYnd0uGJ7aeJfJC2nSDAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T13:38:47.326323Z"},"content_sha256":"c5182ada8e2afa15cb107cd3600141e892137a02828249b271f46908c4ad68ca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c5182ada8e2afa15cb107cd3600141e892137a02828249b271f46908c4ad68ca"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fundamental Limits of Covert Communication over Classical-Quantum Channels","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Azadeh Sheikholeslami, Boulat A. Bash, Mehrdad Tahmasbi, Michael S. Bullock, Robert C. Macdonald, Saikat Guha","submitted_at":"2016-01-25T22:01:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate covert communication over general memoryless classical-quantum channels with fixed finite-size input alphabets. We show that the square root law (SRL) governs covert communication in this setting when product of $n$ input states is used: $L_{\\rm SRL}\\sqrt{n}+o(\\sqrt{n})$ covert bits (but no more) can be reliably transmitted in $n$ uses of classical-quantum channel, where $L_{\\rm SRL}>0$ is a channel-dependent constant that we call covert capacity. We also show that ensuring covertness requires $J_{\\rm SRL}\\sqrt{n}+o(\\sqrt{n})$ bits secret shared by the communicating parties prio"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.06826","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1601.06826/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DTBqTcV55WbbE/4ObftECZ2ZOjo8l8okW1bQFMrrK6f6fCH4IArIxg4FMmoYGBkK14lkn6/KFMkdBT8biPViAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T13:38:47.326829Z"},"content_sha256":"47a6bdbf6020b58fba9ed925eb30c243cffe60271cfd77fe9d14b0abfbe2b1aa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47a6bdbf6020b58fba9ed925eb30c243cffe60271cfd77fe9d14b0abfbe2b1aa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T13:38:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:DTTVJMCDESAC5JQDGJQOT3O7KX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ded6d004ba49078835002e9fbc148ca029ec0f6050f87fbb3221a1607dba81a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-25T22:01:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a17341a0fb5ee591b6398b56eedbc1bbe11abf66049c2c3a0efee211a9a2ec4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.06826","kind":"arxiv","version":8}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.06826","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.06826v8","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.06826","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DTTVJMCDESAC","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DTTVJMCDESAC5JQD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DTTVJMCD","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:47a6bdbf6020b58fba9ed925eb30c243cffe60271cfd77fe9d14b0abfbe2b1aa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1601.06826/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate covert communication over general memoryless classical-quantum channels with fixed finite-size input alphabets. We show that the square root law (SRL) governs covert communication in this setting when product of $n$ input states is used: $L_{\\rm SRL}\\sqrt{n}+o(\\sqrt{n})$ covert bits (but no more) can be reliably transmitted in $n$ uses of classical-quantum channel, where $L_{\\rm SRL}>0$ is a channel-dependent constant that we call covert capacity. We also show that ensuring covertness requires $J_{\\rm SRL}\\sqrt{n}+o(\\sqrt{n})$ bits secret shared by the communicating parties prio","authors_text":"Azadeh Sheikholeslami, Boulat A. Bash, Mehrdad Tahmasbi, Michael S. Bullock, Robert C. Macdonald, Saikat Guha","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-25T22:01:43Z","title":"Fundamental Limits of Covert Communication over Classical-Quantum Channels"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.06826","kind":"arxiv","version":8},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c5182ada8e2afa15cb107cd3600141e892137a02828249b271f46908c4ad68ca","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ded6d004ba49078835002e9fbc148ca029ec0f6050f87fbb3221a1607dba81a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2016-01-25T22:01:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a17341a0fb5ee591b6398b56eedbc1bbe11abf66049c2c3a0efee211a9a2ec4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.06826","kind":"arxiv","version":8}},"canonical_sha256":"1ce754b04324802ea6033260e9eddf55d1106436a9811548b5fe2fb02ae79b7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1ce754b04324802ea6033260e9eddf55d1106436a9811548b5fe2fb02ae79b7c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30.492421Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30.492421Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WXl74eKN4Pb6bVXCpaaqpeI3eN/U8LfC5FVBoGSbl78oyjOiqcZcV9sJtf0Hc+bcStlKwYRQFPbBHpSfXRkoDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:00:30.492916Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.06826","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":8}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c5182ada8e2afa15cb107cd3600141e892137a02828249b271f46908c4ad68ca","sha256:47a6bdbf6020b58fba9ed925eb30c243cffe60271cfd77fe9d14b0abfbe2b1aa"],"state_sha256":"d856e727a9477dd7a11022c1f0ff3ac9d57650ca3d65bc878f9a80e2c139f5f4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GEaLovHVYXQWkmlsrhnd+c40HmGQ43P6AsS1p/P8XWewQoLh4nIGJUo9HLV6cdU0vkLWmdf1DVCAP1/Lfdq2Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T13:38:47.331714Z","bundle_sha256":"dca64f3eaf9dc9d4076e3c4dc769290ddb50eafc742e4f95c76646bff410f06b"}}