{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ","short_pith_number":"pith:DU5BYB4J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.3648","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-11-15T21:01:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7a850eab4e10904a99e1ee0bf4737198b258c634b0dbf118c90787f5673482a6","abstract_canon_sha256":"2323c758f89489bbae585ad4f7bf640950434bae3da6d32b1a60fd28f6abd25c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1d3a1c0789c91ed652b1233010ce6a164133ebe55553724365545a7eb2f2c7d2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1111.3648","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.3648","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.3648v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.3648","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DU5BYB4JZEPN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DU5BYB4J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.3648","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-11-15T21:01:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7a850eab4e10904a99e1ee0bf4737198b258c634b0dbf118c90787f5673482a6","abstract_canon_sha256":"2323c758f89489bbae585ad4f7bf640950434bae3da6d32b1a60fd28f6abd25c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1d3a1c0789c91ed652b1233010ce6a164133ebe55553724365545a7eb2f2c7d2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48.714108Z","signature_b64":"7FoTKn0jUfhi8cYBfK/vNUe2PwmIfABv5S12ssnJV3YzCpWDF5ac+XdRqr3UvrdEvJ8fz7uGXEBpSLs9F2uJBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1d3a1c0789c91ed652b1233010ce6a164133ebe55553724365545a7eb2f2c7d2","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48.713392Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48.713392Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1111.3648","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"97nT5x8txzpxfLwTVg0Qklq1Q90JroBbsoaY3a8kh0tgxj62T9LXGj650+Gw8SucwsLjalB6NpIKULN7fK+GCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T04:15:39.821006Z"},"content_sha256":"8294a7d3fdce5774205da22c77d6eaaccad98e52c77d10e3a7eef006bf99f778","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8294a7d3fdce5774205da22c77d6eaaccad98e52c77d10e3a7eef006bf99f778"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Pair-Instability Supernovae via Collision Runaway in Young Dense Star Clusters","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Daniel Kasen, Tony Pan","submitted_at":"2011-11-15T21:01:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Stars with helium cores between ~64 and 133 M_sun are theoretically predicted to die as pair-instability supernovae. This requires very massive progenitors, which are theoretically prohibited for Pop II/I stars within the Galactic stellar mass limit due to mass loss via line-driven winds. However, the runaway collision of stars in a dense, young star cluster could create a merged star with sufficient mass to end its life as a pair-instability supernova, even with enhanced mass loss at non-zero metallicity. We show that the predicted rate from this mechanism is consistent with the inferred volu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.3648","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"70LxnDJlvDe38ePL6hLK4UsEvBQh0nbP0SGitCJqc0OMqUNFqNgTFtQCXviTjxH1jEFdwxWYPPLRJtCQpcXzCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T04:15:39.821657Z"},"content_sha256":"be83c05a9b055801eba23a746a66701bac9139d042ba7caf156139677ccf92c1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:be83c05a9b055801eba23a746a66701bac9139d042ba7caf156139677ccf92c1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T04:15:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVREMYBBTTKCZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2323c758f89489bbae585ad4f7bf640950434bae3da6d32b1a60fd28f6abd25c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-11-15T21:01:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a850eab4e10904a99e1ee0bf4737198b258c634b0dbf118c90787f5673482a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.3648","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.3648","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.3648v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.3648","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DU5BYB4JZEPN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DU5BYB4JZEPNMUVR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DU5BYB4J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:be83c05a9b055801eba23a746a66701bac9139d042ba7caf156139677ccf92c1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Stars with helium cores between ~64 and 133 M_sun are theoretically predicted to die as pair-instability supernovae. This requires very massive progenitors, which are theoretically prohibited for Pop II/I stars within the Galactic stellar mass limit due to mass loss via line-driven winds. However, the runaway collision of stars in a dense, young star cluster could create a merged star with sufficient mass to end its life as a pair-instability supernova, even with enhanced mass loss at non-zero metallicity. We show that the predicted rate from this mechanism is consistent with the inferred volu","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Daniel Kasen, Tony Pan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-11-15T21:01:18Z","title":"Pair-Instability Supernovae via Collision Runaway in Young Dense Star Clusters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.3648","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8294a7d3fdce5774205da22c77d6eaaccad98e52c77d10e3a7eef006bf99f778","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2323c758f89489bbae585ad4f7bf640950434bae3da6d32b1a60fd28f6abd25c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2011-11-15T21:01:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a850eab4e10904a99e1ee0bf4737198b258c634b0dbf118c90787f5673482a6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.3648","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"1d3a1c0789c91ed652b1233010ce6a164133ebe55553724365545a7eb2f2c7d2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1d3a1c0789c91ed652b1233010ce6a164133ebe55553724365545a7eb2f2c7d2","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48.713392Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48.713392Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7FoTKn0jUfhi8cYBfK/vNUe2PwmIfABv5S12ssnJV3YzCpWDF5ac+XdRqr3UvrdEvJ8fz7uGXEBpSLs9F2uJBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:51:48.714108Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1111.3648","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8294a7d3fdce5774205da22c77d6eaaccad98e52c77d10e3a7eef006bf99f778","sha256:be83c05a9b055801eba23a746a66701bac9139d042ba7caf156139677ccf92c1"],"state_sha256":"d0b71b07b77b2163791b94d35a344888512c28499bc49b89b1999d14ab8b0afe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z4vK7SdvVG0cYYoRI5yCuIMjQ45+J98ahq7yR6cLZ4Vn01iAvNjKF0Z2umPFa01SJPDMRRAroaj6t7OVmqhgCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T04:15:39.824450Z","bundle_sha256":"021ee9b2774b046fa6b9f69b13b75a596c0d027be401f31343e587c9ef35b6c6"}}