{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2004:DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB","short_pith_number":"pith:DUM4FUSJ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"1d19c2d2491aeb6e5721e5e24e2b9f98547680ce47ed41eff53c74ab683b4e00","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-th/0407149","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Lorentz-Violating Vector Fields Slow the Universe Down","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Eugene A. Lim, Sean M. Carroll","submitted_at":"2004-07-17T00:52:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the gravitational effects of a single, fixed-norm, Lorentz-violating timelike vector field. In a cosmological background, such a vector field acts to rescale the effective value of Newton's constant. The energy density of this vector field precisely tracks the energy density of the rest of the universe, but with the opposite sign, so that the universe experiences a slower rate of expansion for a given matter content. This vector field similarly rescales Newton's constant in the Newtonian limit, although by a different factor. We put constraints on the parameters of the theory using"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-th/0407149","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2004-07-17T00:52:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"5d7e9a9e305e6f934943c2e3894edd4552ab5d35e0b5aa68358e681291be54a2","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d87ce48ee907234675523fddf1581e74df7d6a22ca9f22a074fb4d098296175"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027582Z","signature_b64":"1IKkdbBrEY8Ro2Mzp8fpoJyaOyay3cVDLOax6yunHaMfaQ7aQaGCxoZwohjrHCYIF913GHHWcXmvw9ybA2SaBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1d19c2d2491aeb6e5721e5e24e2b9f98547680ce47ed41eff53c74ab683b4e00","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027026Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027026Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Lorentz-Violating Vector Fields Slow the Universe Down","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Eugene A. Lim, Sean M. Carroll","submitted_at":"2004-07-17T00:52:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the gravitational effects of a single, fixed-norm, Lorentz-violating timelike vector field. In a cosmological background, such a vector field acts to rescale the effective value of Newton's constant. The energy density of this vector field precisely tracks the energy density of the rest of the universe, but with the opposite sign, so that the universe experiences a slower rate of expansion for a given matter content. This vector field similarly rescales Newton's constant in the Newtonian limit, although by a different factor. We put constraints on the parameters of the theory using"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-th/0407149","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-th/0407149/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-th/0407149","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-th/0407149v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/0407149","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DUM4FUSJDLVW","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DUM4FUSJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":4,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2512.04349","citing_title":"Cosmological implications of Bumblebee theory on an FLRW background","ref_index":25,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"1106.2476","citing_title":"Modified Gravity and Cosmology","ref_index":257,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"1501.07274","citing_title":"Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations","ref_index":276,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.01436","citing_title":"Constraints on Einstein-aether gravity from the precision timing of PSR J1738+0333","ref_index":43,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB","json":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/DUM4FUSJ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/DUM4FUSJ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=hep-th/0407149&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/DUM4FUSJDLVW4VZB4XRE4K47TB/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T17:25:26.027123+00:00"}